Fix a metre rule on the bench with the graduated face up.
Place the illuminated object at the zero end of the rule and the screen at the other end as illustrated in the diagram above.
Measure and record D, the distance between the object and the screen. Evaluate D\(^{2}\).
Place and move the converging lens between the illuminated object and the screen until a diminished sharp image of the object is formed on the screen. Read and record the position, \(X_1\), of the lens. From this position, move the lens towards the object until another sharp image of the object is formed on the screen. Read and record the new position \(x_2\), of the lens.
Evaluate and record L (\(x_1\) - \(x_2\)), L\(^{2}\)) and (D\(^{2}\) - L\(^{2}\))
Repeat the procedure for D = 90, 80, 70 and 60 cm. In each case, evaluate, L L\(^{2}\) and (D\(^{2}\) - L\(^{2}\)). Tabulate your readings.
Plot a graph of D\(^{2}\) - L\(^{2}\) on the vertical axis against D on the horizontal axis.
Determine the slope, S, of the graph and evaluate K = \(\frac{s}{4}\). State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.
(b)i. Distinguish between a real image and a virtual image.
Draw a ray diagram to show how a converging lens may be used to form a real diminished image of an object.
Verified Correct Answer: .
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Table os values/observation
D(cm)
D\(^{2}\)cm
\(X_1\)(cm)
\(X_2\)(cm)
L=(\(x_1\)-\(x_2\))cm
L\(^{2}\)cm
D\(^{2}\)-L\(^{2}\)cm
100
10000
80.50
18.30
62.20
3868.8
6131.16
90
8100
70.20
19.00
51.20
2621.4
5478.56
80
6400
59.10
20.00
39.10
1528.8
4871.19
70
4900
46.70
22.00
24.70
610.09
4289.91
60
3600
29.00
7.60
21.40
457.96
3142.04
Slope (s) = \(\frac{y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}} = \frac{6000-3000}{100-50} = \frac{300}{50}\) = 60
Evaluate K = \(\frac{8}{4} = \frac{60}{4}\) = 15
Precaution:
I avoided parallax when reading the metre rule.
I ensured that a sharp image is formed on the Screen.
(b) Real image is formed by the actual intersection of rays whereas a virtual image is formed by the apparent intersection of rays when their directions have been produced backwards, or a Real image is formed at the front of the mirror while a virtual image is formed at the back of the mirror.
ii
An object beyond 2F, the image is real, inverted, smaller than an object, between F and 2F, ray parallel to the principal axis and ray passes through the optical centre.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #60129)