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English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 89 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
trailers
B
bull-dozers
C
tractors
D
machines
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option B.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25824)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 90 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
felled
B
pulled
C
cut
D
broken
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option A.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25825)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 91 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
levelled
B
paved
C
demolished
D
destroyed
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option A.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25826)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 92 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
apparatus
B
items
C
machinery
D
equipment
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option D.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25827)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 93 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
plan
B
trenches
C
ground
D
space
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option C.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25828)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 94 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
base
B
foundation
C
pavement
D
guitter
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option B.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25829)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 95 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
boreholes
B
lintels
C
fences
D
blocks
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option D.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25830)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 96 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
concoction
B
gravel
C
mortar
D
compound
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option C.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25831)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 97 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
basement
B
mansion
C
bungalow
D
sky-scraper
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option C.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25832)
English Language
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Lexis, Structure & Register (Cloze & Vocabulary)
In question numbered 98 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.
A
roofing
B
decking
C
floor
D
beam
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Grammar & Contextual Explanation
No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option B.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #25833)
Chemistry
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Atomic Structure, Orbitals & Nuclear Chemistry
Solution
(a) State (i) Pauli's Excusion principle;
(ii) Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
(b)(i) Write the electronic configuration of each of the following ions of copper: I. Cu\(_+\) II. Cu\(_{(2+)}\) [\(_{29}Cu\)]
(ii) Give the number of unpaired-electrons in each of the ions in (b)(i) above.
(iii) State the type of reaction represented by the following equation:
2Cu\(^+_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) Cu\(^{2+}_{(aq)}\) + Cu\(_{(s)}\)
(iv) Write the formula of one compound of Cu+.
(c)(i) Name the type of radiation that will I. penetrate lead block; II. be stopped by thin paper
(ii) Give the charge on each of the radiations mentioned in I(c)(i) above.
(iii) What term is used to describe each of the following nuclear processes?
I. Combination of two lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus II. Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei
III. Time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay.
(d) Arrange the following ions in order of increasing size. Give a reason for your answer in each case. I. Li\(^{+}\), K\(^{+}\), Na\(^{+}\); II. O\(^{2-}\), F\(^{-}\), N\(^{3-}\)
(e) Determine the percentage composition of phosphorus and oxygen in phosphorus (V) oxide [ P = 31, O = 16 ]
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
(a)(i) State Pauli's exclusion principle: Pauli's exclusion principle states that two electrons in the same orbita of an atom cannot have same values for all four quantum numbers/no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers/no two electrons in the same orbital if an atom can have the same spin.
(ii) Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity. Hund's rule states that electrons occupy each orbital supply first before pairinc takes place in degenerate orbital/most stable arrangement of electrons in sunshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.
(b)(i) (a) Cu\(^+\) — 1s\(^2\)2s\(^2\)2P\(^6\)3P\(^6\)3d\(^{10}\)
(b) Cu\(^{2+}\) --- 1s\(^2\)2s\(^2\)2P\(^6\)3s\(^2\)3P\(^6\)3d\(^9\)
(ii) i. Cu\(^+\) — no unpaired electron
ii. Cu\(^{2+}\) — one unpaired electron
iii. Redox/disproportional
iv. Cu\(_2\)O / CuCI / Cu\(_2\)Cl\(_2\)
(c)(i) (a) gamma rays (b) alpha particles
(ii) (a) gamma (y) - No charge/electrically neutral. (b) alpha \(\alpha\)- positively charge.
(iii) (i) Nuclear fusion (2) Nuclear fusion (3) half-life.
(d) (i) Li\(^+\), Na\(^+\), K\(^+\), size increase down a group as more shells are being added.
(ii) F, O\(^{2-}\), N\(^{2-}\), size increase as nuclear charge decrease in the same period/isoelectronic.
(e) Phosphorus (V) oxide = \(P_4\)O\(_{10}\)/\(P_2\)\(Q_5\)
= (31 x 4) + (16 x 10) or (31 x 2) + (16 x 5) = 124 + 160 or 62 + 80 = 284 or 142.
Therefore % by mass of phosphorus = \(\frac{4P}{P_4Q_{10}}\) x 100% or
\(\frac{2P}{P_2Q_{5}}\) x 100%
\(\frac{124}{284}\) x 100% or \(\frac{62}{142}\) x 100%
= 43.7%
or 100 - 43.7 = 56.3% oxygen.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #52172)
Chemistry
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Oxidation, Reduction & Redox Reactions
Solution
(a)(i) Define in terms of electron transfer I. oxidizing agent; II. reducing agent.
(ii) Write a balanced equation to show that carbon in a reducing agent.
(iii) State the change in oxidation number of the specie that reacted with carbon in (a)((ii).
(b) A gas X has a vapour density of 32. It reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form salt and water only. It decolourizes acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution and reacts with H\(_2\)S to form sulphur. Using the information provided:
(i) identify gas X; (ii) state two properties exhibited by X;
(iii) give two uses of X.
(c) Consider the following substances: sodium; lead (II) iodide; hydrogen; magnesium; oxygen. Which of the substances
(i) conducts electricity?
(ii) is produced at the cathode during electrolysis of H\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\)?
(iii) corresponds to the molecular formula A\(_2\)?
(iv) is an alkaline earth metal?
d)(i) Define the term salt.
(ii) Mention two types of salt
(iii) Give an example of each of the salts mentioned in (d)(ii) above.
(e) In a neutralization reaction, dilute tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid completely reacted with sodium hydroxide solution.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction
(ii) How many moles of sodium hydroxide would be required for the complete neutralization of 0.50 moles of tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid?
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
(a)(i) (1) Oxidation agent is a substance which accepts electrons or is an electron acceptor.
(2) Reducing agent is a substance which donates electrons or is an electron donor.
(ii) 2CuO\(_{(s)}\) +C\(_{(s)}\) \(\to\) 2Cu\(_{(s)}\) + CO\(_{2(g)}\)
\(H_2\)O\(_{(g)}\) + C\(_{(s)}\) ----> CO\(_{(g)}\) + H\(_{2(g)}\)
CO\(_{2(g)}\) --> 2CO\(_{(g)}\)
(ii) Cu in CuO from +2 to 0
H in H\(_2\)O from +1 to 0
C in CO\(_2\) from +4 to + 2.
(b)(i) X is sulphur (IV) oxide or sulphur dioxide.
(ii)(a) It is heavier than air. (b) It is acidic
(c) Reducing or oxidizing agent.
(d) Colourless (poisonous) gas with irritating smell.
(iii) (1) Used for bleaching
(2) For the manufacture of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)
(3) as germicide and fumigant.
(4) for preservation.
(5) as refrigerant.
(c) (i) sodium magnesium (ii) Hydrogen (iii) Lead(II) iodide (iv) Magnesium.
(d) (i) A salt is a compound formed when all or part of hydrogen of an acid is replaced by metal or ammonium ion.
(ii) (a) Normal salt (b) Acid salt (c) Basic salt (d) Double salt (e) Complex salt.
(iii) NaCl/ZnSO\(_4\)/NaH\(_2\)PO\(_4\)/Zn(OH)Cl/Mg(OH)NO\(_3\)/NH\(_4\).Fe(SO\(_4\))\(_2\).6H\(_2\)O).
(e) (I) H\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\) + 2NaOH\(_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) Na\(_2\)SO\(_4\)\(_{(aq)}\) + 2H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\)
(ii) From the reaction 1 mole of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 2 moles of NaOH\(_{(l)}\).
Therefore 0.50 mole of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = \(\frac{2 \times 0.5}{1}\) of NaOH
= 1 mole of NaOH.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #52177)
Chemistry
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Organic Chemistry II: Functional Groups, Polymers & Biomolecules
Solution
(a) Consider the following reaction sequence.
(i) What process leads/tathe formation of K?
(ii) Write the formula of K.
(iii) Write the structural formula of L and name L.
(iv) Name A\(_n\)
(v) Write the structure of M and name M.
(b)(i) What are carbohydrates?
(ii) Give one example each of a I. monosaccharide; II. disaccharide; III. polysaccharide.
(c) Consider the following structure of a simple sugar :
(i) Which functional group makes the compound a reducing agent?
(ii) State what would C = O be observed when I. the compound is mixed with Fehling's solution and boiled;
I. few drops of concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) is added to the sample of the compound. H—C—OH
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction in (c)(ii)(II).
(d) A hydrocarbon Z with molecular mass 78 on combustion gave 3.385 g of CO\(_2\) and and 0.692 g of H\(_2\)O. Determine the molecular formula of Z. [ H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
(a)(i) Dehydration
(ii) C\(_2H_4\)
(iii)
(iv) Polythene/Polythene
(b)(i) Carbohydrates are (naturally occurring) organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the hydrogen and oxygen present in the ratio of 2:1 (as in water).
(ii)1. Monosaccharide : glucose/fructose 2. Disaccharide: sucrose/lactose/maltose. 3. Polysaccharide : starch/glycogen/cellulose.
(c)(i)
(I) (a) brick red precipitate (b) black/charred mass (of carbon is observed).
(iii) C\(_6\)H\(_{12}\)O\(_6\) \(\to\) 6C + 6H\(_2\)O
(d) Mass of hydrogen in Z = \(\frac{12}{8 \times 0.692}\) = 0.077g
Mass of carbon in Z = \(\frac{12}{44}\) x 3.385 = 0.923g.
C H
0.923 0.077
12 1
0.077 0.077
0.077 0.077
0.077 0.077
Empirical formula of Z = CH
(CH)\(_n\) = 78
13\(_n\) = 78
n = \(\frac{78}{13}\)
= 6
molecular formula of Z = C\(_6\)H\(_{16}\)
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #52178)
Chemistry
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Chemical Bonding & Intermolecular Forces
Solution
(a)(1) Define covalent bond.
(ii) Give two properties of covalent compounds
(ii) With the aid of a diagram, show how ammonia molecule is formed
(iv) Illustrate with a diagram the formation of ammonium ion?
(v) What type of bond(s) exist(s) in I. ammonia, H. ammonium ion? (\(_1\)H\(_7\)N)
(b)(i) Write three subatomic particles with their corresponding relative masses. CH\(_2\)OH
(ii) Name the possible states in which water can exist.
(c) (i) State Graham's law of diffusion
(ii) Arrange the following gases, He, CH\(_4\) and N\(_2\) in order of increasing rates of diffusion. Give a reason for the order. [ H = 1, He = 4, C = 12, N = 14 ]
(d) Draw the structures of the following compounds:
(i) 2,3-dimethylbutane;
(ii) 1,4-dibromocyclohexane.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
(a)(i) Covalent bond is a bond between two atoms in which each of the atoms contribute to the shared pair of electrons.
(ii) (a) Non-conductors of electricity (b) Insoluble in water/soluble in non-polar solvents. (c) Have low melting or boiling point.
(v) (a) covalent bond (b) covalent bond dative or coordinate covalent bond
(b)
Particles
Relative Masses Proton
Proton
1
Neutron
1
Electron
1
1840
(c)(i) Graham's law of diffusion states that a constant temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its vapour density or molecular mass.
(ii) N\(_2\), CH\(_4\), He : the smaller the molecular mass the faster the rate at which the gas diffuses or the larger the molar mass the slower the rate at which the gas diffuses.
(d)
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #52180)
Chemistry
WAEC / WASSCE 2008
Acids, Bases, pH & Salts
Solution
(a)(i) What are acidic oxides?
(ii) Give one example of each of the following oxides: I. acidic oxide; II. basic oxide; III. amphoteric oxide; IV. neutral oxide
(b)(i) Define each of the following terms; I. Heat II. Heat of neutralization
(ii) Weite the above an equation to illustrate each of the terms in (b)(i) above
(ii) Given that the standard heat of combustion of butane (C\(_4\)H\(_{(10)}\) is + 5877 kJmol\(^{-1}\), calculate the heat of 14.5 g butane. [ H = 1, = 12 ]
(c) (i) Name two allotropes of sulphur
(ii) State one difference between the two allotropes.
(d)(i) Give two characteristics of noble eases
(ii) State one use each of I. He; II. Ar.
(e) State what is observed on warming ammonium trioxonitrate (V) with sodium hydroxide.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
(a)(i) Oxide of non-metals which dissolve in water to form acidic solution.
(ii) 1. Acidic oxides:- SO\(_2\)/CO\(_2\)/NO\(_2\), etc.
2. Basic oxides:- CaO/Na\(_2\)O/K\(_2\)O, etc.
3. Amphoteric oxides:- Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)/ZnO/PbO, etc.
4. Neutral oxides:- CO/N\(_2\)O, etc.
(b)(i) Heat of combustion is the heat change when one mole of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen or burnt in excess oxygen
(ii) Heat of neutralization is the heat change when one mole of water is produced as a result of a reaction between an acid and alkali in dilLte solution or the heat change when one mole of H+ from an acid reacts with one mole of OH\(^-\) from an alkali to form one mole of H\(_2\)O.
(ii)1. C\(_{(g)}\) + O\(_{2(g)}\) \(\to\) CO\(_{2(g)}\)
2. HaOH\(_{(aq)}\) + HCl\(_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) NaCI + H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\) \(\Delta\) Hn\(^o\)
3. Molar mass of C\(_4\)H\(_{10}\) = 12 x 4 + 1 x 10
= 48 + 10 = 58g mol\(^{-1}\) .
58g of C\(_4\)H\(_{10}\) = 5877kJ mol\(^{-1}\)
14.5 of C\(_4\)H\(_{10}\) = \(\frac{5877 \times 14}{58}\) kJ mol\(^{-1}\)
= + 1469.25 kJ.
(c)(i) Rhombic
Monoclinic
Rhombic
Monoclinic
Yellow translucent crystal
Transparent amber crystal
Stable at temperature below 96^\circC
Unstable at temperature below 96^\circC
Higher density than monoclinic
Lower density than rhombic
Lower melting point
Higher melting point
Octahedral shaped
Needle shaped.
(d)(i)(a) They are monoatomic gases
(b) They are chemically unreactive
(c) Have low melting/boiling point.
(ii) He — filling balloons. Ar — arc welding.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #52193)