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It consists of a lipid bi-layer with embedded proteins. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules

Feeding relationships between organisms in a community are represented by food chains, which show the sequence in which organisms feed on each other. The chain generally begins with an autotroph such as a green plant (e.g. stinging nettle ---> small tortoiseshell butterfly caterpillar --> house sparrow --> sparrowhawk), or with dead organic matter (detritus) (e.g. leaf litter --> earthworm --> young blackbird --> fox). The arrows indicate the passage of food, and therefore energy flow, from one organism to another. Pyramids of energy are the most accurate representation of feeding relationships in a community, providing information about the amount of energy flowing through each trophic level over a set period of time. Food web involve many complex feeding relationship and most most ecosystems are more complex than food chain

Nitrogen is essential to all living systems, which makes the nitrogen cycle one of Earth's most important nutrient cycles. Atmospheric nitrogen becomes part of living organisms in two ways. The first is through bacteria in the soil that form nitrates out of nitrogen in the air. The second is through lightning. During electrical storms, large amounts of nitrogen are oxidized and united with water to produce an acid that falls to Earth in rainfall and deposits nitrates in the soil.

An Anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction.

A coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape. A bacillus is any bacterium that has a rod shape. Vibrio is bacteria possessing a curved-rod shape Diplobacillus is a rod-shaped bacterium occurring in pairs linked end to end.

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms (fluke, planaria) Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials. Excretion of ammonia waste through the body wall, and is not associated with any specific organs

Food chain refers to the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. Plants, which convert solar energy to food by photosynthesis, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a flesh-eating animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by even smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.

It is transmitted to pig through human feaces or contaminated vegetation contaminated with human excreta.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option D.

A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts A half-inferior ovary is embedded or surrounded by the receptacle. An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts.

Parasitic nutrition is heterotrophic nutrition where a parasitic organism lives on the body surface or inside the body of another type of organism (a host) and gets nutrition directly from the body of the host. Since these parasites derive nourishment from their host, this symbiotic interaction is often described as harmful to the host. Saprotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed organic matter. The organism feeds on dead matter i.e fungi A carnivore is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging

Volvox is an example of organism thatforms spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells. A colony is composed of two or more individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another, usually for mutual benefit such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey. It is a cluster of identical cells (clones) on the surface of (or within) a solid medium, usually derived from a single parent cell.

Morphological variation includes aspects of the outward appearance i.e shape, structure, color, pattern, size which is in contrast to physiology variation which deals primarily with function. Morphological variation arises from a number of factors which can be bluntly classified as either genetic or environmental implanted into the process of evolution.

PTC(phenylthiocarbamide) has the unusual property that it either tastes very bitter or is virtually tasteless, depending on the genetic makeup of the taster. The ability to taste PTC is often treated as a dominant genetic trait, although inheritance and expression of this trait are somewhat more complex. To some people, small amounts of the compounds phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste very bitter; other people do not taste these compounds. The myth is that there are only two kinds of people, tasters and non-tasters, and that the trait is controlled by a single gene, with the allele for tasting dominant over the allele for non-tasting. ∴ ability to taste PTC in some individuals is a character that is heritable

The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody or complement. During blood transfusions, the antibodies react with the transfused blood group(if its of different blood group), the erythrocytes clump up and stick together causing them to agglutinate