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Biology
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Basic Ecological Concepts, Ecosystems & Biomes
Solution
Diagrams D, E and F are illustrations of tools used for ecological studies. Study them and answer questions (a) to (c).
(a)(i) Identify diagrams D, E and F.
Name the parts labeled I to VIII.
State one function each of the parts labeled I, III, IV, V and VII.
(b) State one use each of the tools labeled D, E and F.
(c) Describe briefly the use of each of the tools labeled D, E and F.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Biological Concept & Syllabus Guide
(a) (i) Identification of diagrams D, E and F
D – Sweep net/butterfly net/ insect net/ hand net;
E – Pooter;
F – Quadrat.
(ii) Names of labeled parts
I- Handle (of Sweep net/butterfly net); V- Specimen container/tube;
II- Net; VI- Collecting/ tube;
III- Suction tube; VII- Frame;
IV- Wire mesh/gauze/cotton; VIII- Thin wire/string
.
(iii) Function of parts labeled I, III, IV, V and VII
I - Handle of Sweep net/butterfly net: for holding the instrument in place for use;
III - Suction tube: to apply suction pressure to draw in the insect;
IV - Wire mesh/gauze/cotton/sieve: prevents the insect /dirt from entering the/suction tube/
mouth;
V - Specimen container/tube; for keeping the sucked insect (temporarily);
VII - Frame; to demarcate the area of study/ sample area.
(b) Use of tools labeled D, E and F
D - Sweep net/butterfly net: to catch flying insects
E - Pooter: to collect tiny invertebrates from leaves /litter/crevices
F - Quadrat: to determine the population of small, slow-crawling organisms/ small plants within the restricted area
(c) Description of use of
(i) D/Sweep net/butterfly net
the handle of the net is swung towards the organisms when sighted;
when the organisms are caught;
the middle part of the net is held closed to prevent the escape of the organisms.
(ii) E/Pooter
the collecting tube is pointed to the organism when sighted;
And the suction tube is placed in the mouth and sucked;
The insect is drawn into the specimen tube/container.
(iii) F/Quadrat
The quadrat is thrown randomly;
Wherever the quadrat lands, the number of selected/targeted/determined species enclosed within the quadrat is counted;
The number is recorded. /;
This procedure is repeated several times/ at least ten times;
Average number of species per throw/toss is calculated;
The frequency/ total number/ density / percentage covered is then determined.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #56469)
Biology
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Variety of Organisms & Classification of Living Things
Solution
The diagrams below are illustrations of two organisms. Study them and answer question 3 (a) to (f)
(a)(i) Identify organisms A and B.
(ii) Name the parts labeled I to X.
(b) State one function each of the parts labeled VI, VIII, IX and X.
(c) Name the specific habitats of organisms A and B.
(d) State three structural adaptations of organism A to its mode of life.
(e)(i)State three structural similarities between organisms A and B.
(ii) State three structural differences between organisms A and B.
(f)(i) Name the class of organisms A and B.
(ii) State three reasons for the answer in (f) (i).
(g)State one biological importance of organism A.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Biological Concept & Syllabus Guide
(a) (i) Identification of organisms
A – Butterfly/Papilio sp.
B – Housefly/Musca sp.
(ii) Name of labeled parts
I- Head; VI- Antenna;
II- Antenna; VII- Head;
III- Thorax; VIII- Compound eye;
IV- Fore(wing); IX- fore (wing);
V- Abdomen; X- leg.
(b) Function of parts
VI - Antenna: for feeling/ sensitivity (to touch/smell/vibrations);
VIII - Compound eye: for seeing/ sight/vision;
IX - wing: for balancing/flying/ flight;
X - leg: for walking/ crawling/ running.
(c) Specific habitats of organisms A and B
A /Butterfly: Garden, farm/ flowering plants/ trees;
B /Housefly: Latrines/ toilets/ refuse dumps/ exposed food/ sewage/ decaying organic matter.
(d) Structural adaptations of organism A
Large/ broad wings; for flight;
Long thin proboscis/mouthpart; for sucking nectar;
Long clubbed antennae; for sensitivity;
Large compound eyes; for vision .
Note: The structure must be correctly qualified to score; but 1mark will be awarded for correct function.
(e) (i) Structural similarities between organisms A and B
Both possess
Wings;
Three body divisions/head, thorax and abdomen;
A pair of antennae;
A pair of compound eyes.
Segmented body
(ii) Structural differences between organisms A and B
A/Butterfly
B/Housefly
Broad wings
Narrow wings;
Antennae is clubbed/knobbed
Antennae is not clubbed/knobbed;
Long antennae
Short antennae;
Smaller compound eyes
Bigger compound eyes;
Scales present
Scales absent;
Hind wings present
Hind wings reduced to halters;
Simple eyes absent
Simple eyes present;
Hair absent
Hair present;
(f) (i) Class of organisms A and B
Insecta
(ii) Reasons for the answer in (f) (i)
Presence of wings;
Three body divisions/ head, thorax and abdomen;
A pair of antennae;
Three pairs of jointed legs (on the thorax);
Presence of a pair of compound eyes;
Segmented body.
(g) Biological importance of organism A
It pollinates flowers;
It is a source of food for some organisms.
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #56470)
Biology
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Supporting Tissues & Skeletal System
Solution
(a) Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations in the table below.
(b) State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf: (i) palisade; (ii) vascular bundle; (iii) epidermis.
(c)State one function each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant: (i) sieve tube; (ii) cortex; (iii) pith.
(d) In a tabular form, state:
(i) two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
(ii) two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Biological Concept & Syllabus Guide
(a) Vertebrae with corresponding location
Vertebrae
Location
Cervical
Neck
Thoracic
Chest/Thorax
Lumbar
Abdomen/Upper abdomen/loin
Sacral
Hip/lower abdomen
Caudal
Tail/coccyx
(b) Function of:
(i) Palisade
- Manufactures food/carries out photosynthesis/site of photosynthesis;
- Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis;
(ii) Vascular bundle
- Contains xylem for transport of water/mineral salts/phloem for translocation of manufactured organic substances/hormones;
- Provides mechanical support;
(iii) Epidermis
- It keeps the leaf’s shape;
- Provides mechanical support;
(c) Function of
(i) Sieve tube
- Translocates/transports manufactured foods to other parts of the plant;
(ii) Cortex
- The cells of cortex store starch;
- Outer cortex cells of green stems contain chloroplasts and make food by photosynthesis/chlorophyllus cortex cells manufacture food;
(iii) Pith
- Cells of pith act as packing/food storage tissues;
- Supports the stem;
(d) Structural differences
(i) External structural differences between stem and root of a maize seedling
Stem of a maize seedling
Root of a maize seedling
- Fibrous root absent
fibrous root present;
- Chlorophyllus/greenish
non chlorophyllus/non-greenish;
- Leaves are present
leaves are absent;
- Thicker in size
thinner in size;
- Coleoptiles/shoot sheath present
coleoptiles/shoot sheath absent;
- Coleorhizae/radicle sheath absent
coleorhizae/radicle sheath present.
(ii) Internal structural differences between stem and root of a maize seedling
Stem of a maize seedling
Root of a maize seedling
- Vascular bundles are scattered
vascular bundles are arranged/in a ring form;
- More vascular bundles
less vascular bundles;
- Cortex is narrower
cortex is wider;
- Pith is absent
pith is present;
- Endodermis absent
endodermis present
- Phloem and xylem do not alternate
phloem alternates with xylem;
- Piliferous layer absent
piliferous layer present
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #56471)
Mathematics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Mensuration (Areas, Perimeters & Volumes)
Diagram
Solution
The diagram shows a circle centre O. if
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
12\(^o\)
B
15\(^o\)
C
29\(^o\)
D
34\(^o\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
SOT = 2 x 46 (< at the centre is twice < at circumference) = 92
2x + 92 = 180( sum of
x = \(\frac{180- 92}{2}\) = 44º
< STO = 44º - 29º
= 15\(^o\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50152)
Mathematics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Plane Geometry, Polygons & Circle Theorems
Diagram
Solution
Find the value of m in the diagram
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
72\(^o\)
B
68\(^o\)
C
44\(^o\)
D
34\(^o\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
2x + m = 180
x + m = 112
x = 122 - m
2(112 - m) + m = 180
224 - 2m + m = 180
224 - m = 180
224 - 180 = m
m = 44\(^o\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50188)
Mathematics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Fractions, Decimals, Percentages & Approximations
Solution
The average age of a group of 25 girls is 10year. If one girl, aged 12 years and 4 months joins the group, find the new average age of the group
A
10.1 years
B
9.3 years
C
8.7 years
D
8 . 3 years
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
x = 10 ; 10 = \(\frac{x}{25}\)
x = 250
x = \(\frac{250 + 12.4}{26}\)
x = 10.09
x = 10.1 years
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50023)
Mathematics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Fractions, Decimals, Percentages & Approximations
Solution
Make x the subject of the relation d = \(\sqrt{\frac{6}{x} - \frac{y}{2}}\)
A
x = \(\frac{6 + 12}{d^2 + y}\)
B
x = \(\frac{12}{d^2 - y}\)
C
x = \(\frac{12}{y} - 2d^2\)
D
x = \(\frac{12}{2d^2 + y}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
d = \(\sqrt{\frac{6}{x} - \frac{y}{2}}\)
\(d^2 = \frac{6}{x} - \frac{y}{2}\)
\(2xd^2 = 12 - xy\)
\(2xd^2 + xy = 12\)
x = \(\frac{12}{2d^2 + y}\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50125)
Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2017
Permutations, Combinations & Probability
Solution
Find the number of ways that the letters of the word EXCELLENCE be arranged
A
\(\frac{10!}{2!2!2!}\)
B
\(\frac{10!}{4!2!}\)
C
\(\frac{10!}{4!2!2!}\)
D
\(\frac{10!}{2!2!}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
EXCELLENCE
It is a ten-letter word = 10!
Since we have repeating letters, we have to divide to remove the duplicates accordingly. There are 4 Es, 2 Cs, 2 Ls
∴ there are: \(\frac{10!}{4!2!2!}\) ways to arrange
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #46346)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Magnetism, Electromagnetism & AC Circuits
Solution
A transformer connected to a 240\(V_{r.m.s}\) has 3000 turns in its primary coil and 500 turns in its secondary coil. Calculate the output voltage.
A
4000V
B
400V
C
40V
D
4V
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
\(N_{p} = 3000 turns\)
\(N_{s} = 500 turns\)
\(E_{p} = 240V_{r.m.s}\)
\(E_{s} = ?\)
\(\frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}} = \frac{E_{s}}{E_{p}}\)
\(\frac{500}{3000} = \frac{E_{s}}{240}\)
\(\implies E_{s} = \frac{240\times500}{3000} = 40V\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50080)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Electrostatics & Capacitors
Diagram
Solution
The diagram above illustrates two charged bodies, X and Y separated by a distance r. Each body has charge q and mass m. Which of the following statements about the electrostatic force \(F_{e}\) and gravitational force \(F_{g}\) acting between the bodies is correct?
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
\(F_{e}\) is attraction while \(F_{g}\) is repulsion
B
Both \(F_{e}\) and \(F_{g}\) are that of repulsion
C
Both \(F_{e}\) and \(F_{g}\) is that of attraction
D
\(F_{e}\) is repulsion while \(F_{g}\) is attraction
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
electrostatic force can be repulsive or attractive and gravitational force is only attractive.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #50092)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2017
Units, Measurements & Dimensional Analysis
Diagram
Solution
The diagram above is a micrometer screw gauge. Determine its reading.
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
2.44mm
B
2.46mm
C
2.86mm
D
2.96mm
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
- Main scale: 2 mm
- Thimble scale: 46 divisions \times 0.01 mm = 0.46 mm
Total reading = 2 + 0.46 = 2.46 mm
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #49910)
Chemistry
UTME / JAMB 2017
Metals, Transition Elements & Extraction
Solution
Tin is unaffected by air at ordinary temperature due to its?
A
Low melting point
B
Weak electropositive character
C
High boiling point
D
White lustrous appearance
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Chemical Principles & Mechanism
Tin is unaffected by air even at ordinary temperature because it forms a thin, protective oxide layer on it's surface.
None of the options provided directly explain why tin is unaffected by air. However, for the sake of the examination and choosing the best among the four options, it will be weak electropositive character, as it implies that tin is less reactive.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #46536)
Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2017
Sets, Logic & Venn Diagrams
Solution
Given T = { even numbers from 1 to 12 }
N = {common factors of 6, 8 and 12}
Find T ∩ N
A
{2, 3}
B
{2, 3, 4}
C
{3, 4, 6}
D
{2}
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
T = {evenn numbers from 1 to 12}
N = {common factors of 6,8 and 12}
Find T ∩ N
T = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
N = {2}
T ∩ N = {2} i.e value common to T & N
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #46321)
Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2017
Sequences & Series (AP & GP)
Solution
What is the next number in the series 2, 1, \(\frac{1}{2}\), \(\frac{1}{4}\)...
A
\(\frac{1}{3}\)
B
\(\frac{2}{8}\)
C
\(\frac{3}{7}\)
D
\(\frac{1}{8}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
2, 1, \(\frac{1}{2}\), \(\frac{1}{4}\).....
There are 4 terms in the series
Therefore the next number will be the 5th term
Tn = ar\(^{n − 1}\) (formular for geometric series)
a = first term = 2
r = common rate = \(\frac{\text{next term}}{\text{previous term}}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
n = number of terms
T5 = 5th term = ?
T5 = ar\(^{5 - 1}\)
= ar\(^4\)
= 2 × (ar\(^{n − 1}\))4
= 2 × \(\frac{1}{16}\)
= \(\frac{1}{8}\)
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #46322)
Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2017
Permutations, Combinations & Probability
Solution
If U = {x : x is an integer and 1 \le x \le 20 }
E1 = {x: x is a multiple of 3}
E2 = {x: x is a multiple of 4} and an integer is picked at random from U, find the probability that it is not in E2
A
\(\frac{3}{4}\)
B
\(\frac{3}{10}\)
C
\(\frac{1}{4}\)
D
\(\frac{1}{20}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
E1 = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
E2 = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
Probability of E2 = \(\frac{5}{20}\) i.e \(\frac{\text{Total number in}E_2}{\text{Entire number in set}}\)
Probability of set E2 = 1 − \(\frac{5}{20}\)
= \(\frac{15}{20}\)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Source: Myschool Past Questions Archive (Record #46323)