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Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Linear, Simultaneous & Quadratic Equations
Solution
Integrate the expression 6x\(^2\) - 2x + 1
A
3x\(^3\) - 2x\(^2\) + x + c
B
2x\(^3\) - x\(^2\) + x + c
C
2x\(^3\) – 3x\(^2\) + c
D
x\(^3\) + x\(^2\) – x + c
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
6x\(^2\) - 2x + 1
\(\frac{6x^{2+1}}{2+1} - \frac{2x^{1+1}}{1+1}+ 1x = \frac{6x^3}{3} - \frac{2x^2}{2} + x\)
\(2x^3 - x^2 + x + c\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47561)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Calorimetry, Latent Heat & Change of State
Diagram
Solution
The efficiency of energy conversion on the energy flow through a hydroelectric power is?
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
\(\frac{E1}{E2}\)
B
\(\frac{E3}{E2}\)
C
\(\frac{E2}{E1}\)+ E2
D
\(\frac{E2}{E3}\) + E1
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Efficiency = \(\frac{\text{useful energy output from machine}}{\text{energy input into machine}}\)
= \(\frac{E3}{E2}\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47742)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Circular Motion, Gravitation & Simple Harmonic Motion
Solution
A body of mass m moving around a circle of radius r with a uniform speed v experiences a centripetal force F. The work done by the centripetal force on it is
A
Fv
B
zero
C
Fmr
D
\(\frac{Fr}{m}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Work is done whenever the given conditions are satisfied. (ii) there is a displacement of the body caused by the applied force along the direction of the applied force. No displacement takes place in this case. So, work done by a centripetal force is always zero.
The work done by centripetal force in the case of a uniform circular motion is 0 joules.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #49653)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Work, Energy, Power & Simple Machines
Diagram
Solution
The diagram shown represents a block-and-tackle pulley system on which an effort of W Newtons supports a load of 120.0N. If the efficiency of the machine is 40, then the value of W is?
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
28.0
B
48.0N
C
233.0N
D
50.0N
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Given Data:
Efficiency = 40% Load = 120N, V.R = 6 (Number of Pulleys)
Efficiency = \(\frac{M.A}{V.R} * 100\)
40 = \(\frac{M.A}{6} * 100\)
6 * 40 = 100 M.A
M.A = \(\frac{240}{100}\) → 2.4
Where M.A = \(\frac{Load}{Effort}\)
2.4 = \(\frac{120}{Effort}\)
: Effort = \(\frac{120}{2.4}\) → 50N
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47386)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Linear Motion, Projectiles & Kinematics
Solution
A missile is projected so as to attain its maximum range. Calculate the maximum height attained if the initial velocity of projection is 200 ms\(^{-1}\). [g = 10ms\(^{-2}\)]
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
H = \(\frac{U^2sin^2 \theta}{2g}\)
H = \(\frac{200^2(sin 45^o)^2}{20}\)
= 999.8m or 1000m
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #52867)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Elasticity, Density, Pressure & Fluids
Solution
(a) Define strain.
(b) A rubber band is stretched to twice its original length. Calculate the strain on the rubber band.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
(a) Strain is the ratio of the extension to original length of an object.
(b) Strain = \(\frac{e}{l_o} = \frac{2l_o - l_o}{l_o}\) = 1
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #52863)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Scalars, Vectors & Relative Motion
Solution
A man walks 1km due east and then 1 km due north His displacement?
A
√2km N 45°E
B
1km N 30°E
C
1km N 15°E
D
√2km N 60°E
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
His movements 1km due east and then 1 km due north make a Right-Angled Triangle.
Using Pythagoras' theorem;
The Resultant becomes the Hypotenuse [h]
Hyp\(^2\) = Adj\(^2\) + \Opp(^2\)
Hyp\(^2\) = 1\(^2\) + 1\(^2\)
Hyp\(^2\) = 2 → Hyp = \sqrt2
: Resultant = \sqrt2
DIRECTION TAN Ø = \(\frac{OPP}{ADJ}\)
TAN Ø = \(\frac{1}{1}\)
Ø = TAN\(^{-1}\) [1]
Ø= 45^\circ
Displacement is \sqrt2km N 45^\circE
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47375)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Temperature, Thermometry & Thermal Expansion
Solution
Which of the following best describes the energy changes which take place when a steam engine drives a generator which lights a lamp?
A
heat ----> Light----> Sound ----> Kinetic
B
Kinetic ----> Light ----> Heat ----> Electricity
C
heat ----> Kinetic ----> Electricity ----> Heat and Light
D
electricity ----> Kinetic ----> Heat ----> Light
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
The steam engine uses the Heat supplied from steam to supply kinetic energy into the generator which converts it to electricity to light the lamp, the lamp gives out light and heat as it works
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47383)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Current Electricity & Electric Circuits
Solution
The electrochemical equivalent of silver is 0.0012g/C. If 36.0g of silver is to be deposited by electrolysis on a surface by passing a steady current for 5mins, the current must be?
A
6000A
B
100A
C
10A
D
1A
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Given Data: Mass of Ag = 36.0g,
Z which is electrochemical equivalent of Ag = 0.0012coulomb
t = 5mins → 5 * 60 = 300secs.
Using M =Z * I * t
make I the subject of the formula
I = \(\frac{M}{Z * t}\) → \(\frac{36}{0.0012 * 300}\)
Current (I) = 100A
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47389)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Current Electricity & Electric Circuits
Solution
The resistance of a 40W car head lamp, drawing current from a 12V battery is ____.
A
0.3Ω
B
3.3Ω
C
3.6Ω
D
4.8Ω
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Power delivered to head lamp = \(\frac{V^2}{R}\) = 40W
R = \(\frac{V^2}{40}\)
= \(\frac{(12 \times 12)}{40}\) = 3.6\Omega
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47699)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Current Electricity & Electric Circuits
Diagram
Solution
You are provided with an ammeter, a resistor, key, metre bridge, and other necessary apparatus.
i. Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
ii. Close the key and use the jockey to make contact with AB at N such that AN = d = 25cm
iii. Read and record the ammeter reading.
iv. Evaluate 1\(^{-1}\).
v. Repeat the procedures for values of d = 35cmm, 50cm, 65cm and 80cm. In each case, record I and determine 1\(^{-1}\)
vi. Tabulate your results.
vii. Plot a graph with log on the vertical axis and d on the horizontal axis.
viii. Determine the slope, s of the graph.
ix. State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results.
(b)i. Use your graph to determine the value of d = l = 1.5A.
ii. State two factors that affect the resistance of a wire.
Attached Figure / Diagram
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
S/N
d(cm)
I(A)
I\(^{1}\)(A\(^{-1}\))
Log I\(^{-1}\)
1
25
0.65
1.54
0.19
2
35
0.55
1.82
0.26
3
50
0.44
2.50
0.40
4
65
0.30
3.33
0.52
5
80
0.23
4.35
0.64
vii. Scale: 2cm to 10 units on x-axis
2cm to 0.1 unit on y-axis
viii. Slopes(s) = \(\frac{x_{2} - x_{1}}{y_{2} - y_{1}}\)
= \(\frac{80 -25}{0.64 - 0.20}\)
= \(\frac{55}{0.44}\)
= 125
(ix) Precautions
(a) Key opened in between reading or keys opened when readings were not taken
(b) Tight connections ensured
(c) Avoided parallax error when taking reading on ammeter or metre rule
(d) Repeated readings shown
(e) Avoided zero error on ammeter or metre rule
(f) Clean terminals ensured.
(b)i. 1\(^{-1}\) = \(\frac{1}{1.5}\)
= 0.67
Log(1\(^{-1}\)) =-0.174
ii. Factors affecting the resistance of a wire
- Length of wire
- Cross-sectional area/ thickness/ diameter/ radius of wire
- Resistivity or nature of wire
- Temperature.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #59891)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Magnetism, Electromagnetism & AC Circuits
Solution
In a series R-L-C circuit at resonance, the voltages across the resistor and the inductor are 30V and 40V respectively. What is the voltage across the capacitor?
A
30V
B
70V
C
50V
D
40V
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
At resonance in a series R-L-C circuit, the voltage across the capacitor equals that across the inductor. Given V\(_L\) = 40V, the voltage across the capacitor (V\(_C\)) is also 40V.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47401)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Atomic, Quantum, Nuclear Physics & Electronics
Solution
Cathode rays are
A
High-energy electromagnetic waves
B
protons
C
neutrons
D
streams of electrons
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47384)
Physics
WAEC / WASSCE 2018
Atomic, Quantum, Nuclear Physics & Electronics
Solution
A black body radiates maximum energy when its surface temperature T and the corresponding wavelength \(\lambda\)max are related by the equation \(\lambda\)max T = constant. Given the values of the constant and surface temperature as 2.9 x 10\(^{-3}\) mK and 57°C respectively; Calculate the frequency of the energy radiated.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
\(\lambda\) max = \(\frac{2.9 \times 10^{-3}}{330}\) = 8.8 x 10\(^{-6}\)m
v = f\(\lambda\) or f = \(\frac{v}{\lambda}\)
where v = velocity of light = 3.0 x10\(^{-8}\) m/s
\(\lambda\) = 8.8 x 10\(^{-6}\)
f = \(\frac{v}{\lambda}\)
= \(\frac{3.0 \times 10^8}{8.8 \times 10^{-6}}\)
= 3.4 x 10\(^{13}\) Hz
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #52868)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2018
Reflection, Refraction & Dispersion of Light
Solution
The image of an object is located 6cm behind a convex mirror. If it's magnification is 0.6, calculate the focal length of the mirror
A
3.75cm
B
6.70cm
C
10.00cm
D
-15.00cm
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
V = -6cm
M = 0.6cm
Recall m = \(\frac{V}{U}\)
U = \(\frac{V}{M}\)
U = \(\frac{6}{0.6}\)
U = 10
\(\frac{1}{U}\) + \(\frac{1}{V}\) = \(\frac{1}{F}\)
\(\frac{1}{10}\) + \(\frac{1}{-6}\) = \(\frac{1}{F}\)
\(\frac{-4}{60}\) = \(\frac{1}{F}\)
F = \(\frac{60}{-4}\)
= -15cm
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #47749)