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a [i]Ecological niche where and organism lives and the role it plays in an ecosystem/community. [ii] Roles of a mango tree in its ecological niche i. absorbs water/mineral salts from the soil organism normally lives; and the ii.absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis ii.provides shelter for animals/other plants IV.acts as support for creepers V. produces fruits/food/serves as food Vi. serves as fuel source for animals vii. covers the ground with dead leaves that enrich the soil b[ i] Counting individuals could be impossible/difficult in fast moving animals ii. Counting individuals could be tedious ii. Counting individuals could be time consuming/use of technique saves time iv. The terrian/habitat could be difficult to reach [ii] i. Quadrat method ii Random sampling method ii.Sweep net method iv cluster sampling V. Pitfall trap method vi. Line transect method Vili.Light trap method ix. Stratified sampling X. Tullgren funnel method xi. Convenience sampling xii systematic sampling method [c]i .Arch/tented arch ii compound iii loops/double/central pocket/ulna radial loop iv.whorls/accident/plain whorl [d]i Pea plant/Garden pea plant/Pisum sativum. ii a it is self-pollinated/flowers are bisexual b has short life cycle c produces many offspring in one cross d presence of distinct physical characters that are easily recognisable. b.Has a short life cycle c.produces many offspring in one cross d.presence of distinct physical characters that are easily recognisable

(a) Conservation laws Are set down rules/legislations with sanctions/ punishments for offenders/perpetrators; which regulate/protect the usage of natural resources/endangered species . [ii] i. No unauthorised exploration of mineral/coal /gold/ petroleum/bauxite by individuals without permit ii. No killing of endangered species ii. No use of poisonous chemicals/Gammalin 20 for fishing iv. Observing closed season for hunting/fishing V. No trading of body parts of endangered species (b)i) a. For their unique body parts/tusks/skin/fin b. For sport/game C. For money/trade/business d. For food e For trado-medicinal purposes. i) a. Elephant b. Snake c. whale d. Crocodile e. Lion f. Zebra g. Deer h. tiger i.rhinoceros j.Shark k.ape/gorilla l. birds m. Pangolin/porcupine n. leopard o. hippopotamus (c) i. There will be shortage of trees ii. This will lead to shortage of timber over time for use in the furniture industry. ii.The natural habitat of organisms will be destroyed iv. Foreign exchange from timber export will reduce v. Some useful herbs/medicinal plants will be destroyed vi. Research sites will be destroyed vii. There will be succession viii.soils will be exposed to flooding/erosion ix. carbon [iv] oxide emission leading to global warming x. Desert encroachement/desertification d i Blood transfusion Is the process of administering blood from a healthy person/donor to an individual/patient recipient that requires/needs it. ii Antigen A substance/protein; found on the surface the red blood cells; that could stimulate/trigger the production of antibodies in the body/blood plasma.

[a][i] Earthworm cockroach Simple/sucking mouth parts elaborate/biting/chewing mouth parts Simple/sucking mouth parts alimentary canal divided into fore gut, mid gut and hind gut developed Absence of mesenteric presence of mesenteric caecum presence of mesentric caecum No malpighian tubules attached malphigian tubules attached to canals (i) Similarities Both a. Mouth c. Gizzard e. Oesophagus (b) Name of biological cycle Water (ii) a. Plants and animals produce water as a product of respiration. b. Plants give-off water through transpiration c. Animals give off water perspiration/sweating/ urinating/excretion d. Plants absorb water/animals drink water body metabolism. (iii) x - Condensation y - Evaporation z - Evaporation organs associated with ecretion in human Three diseases that affect the organ kidneys nephritis,kidney,stones,diuresis,kidney cancer,polycystic kidney disease,diabetes,[inspidius] liver cirrhosis,hepatitis,jaundice,dropsy,gall stones,diabetes,(mellitus),cancer skin scabies,ringworm,acne,eczema,boil,leprosy,cancer,dermatitis,cancer. lungs bronchitis,cancer,asthma,tuberculosis,pulmonary fibrosis. d[i] Decay Is the breakdown of complex organic matter, into small compounds, so that their nutrient can be absorbed. (ii) Saprophytes/fungi, bacteria, detritivores/decomposers (i) a. Temperature/Heat warmth b.Osmotic pressure c.Amount of water d.Amount of oxygen iv) Carbon; Nitrogen (e) a. They obtain nutrients from trapped insects and other small animals b. The trapped insects are digested c. And the amino acids are absorbed d. Carnivorous plants grow on soils that are poor in nitrogen e. Animal proteins supplement the nitrogenous compounds.

Cows are not immune to ticks and thanks to their hairy hides, ticks love to attack herds of cattle. Feeding off their host's blood supply, ticks spend their lives on animals of all kinds, including cows. Ticks can even transmit potentially fatal diseases to cows through their bites. The cattle tick is considered to be the most important parasite of livestock worldwide

An aggregate fruit is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower.

Urethra — this is a tube that extends from the bladder to the external opening at the end of the penis. The urethra carries both urine and sperm.

It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.

[a] obseervable structural differences between [i] specimens H and L H/head of domestic fowl L/head of duck presence of comb comb absent pointed/cylindrical/beak flat/broad beak short/stout beak long beak wattle present wattle absent beak not serrated serrated beak [ii] specimens K and M K/Leg of domestic M/Leg of duck unwebbed toes webbed toes/digits curved/pointed claw less curved/shorter/less pointed/curved claw prominent backward digit reduced backward digit hind digit long hind digit short [b][i] ways by which specimens H and M adapt the organisms to thier life H a.Eye at the side of head to focus on food on the ground / wide vision b. short/stout beak; for picking grains/seeds from the soil/preening/courtship M a.webbed digits; for paddling / swimming b. long digits; to balance while walking on land/muddy water to get food c. claws; for defense/ scratching land to search for food d. scales; to minimize dessication / protection [ii] Type of food of the organism that possesses specimen H a. grains/seeds b. worms c.vegetables d. insects [c] drawing of specimen M/leg of duck below; [d] Habitat of the organism that posseses specimen K Hencoop/terrestrial/land/on a tree/poultry/farmhomes/cage/farmyard [e] feeding habit of specimens H and L H: ominivore/ominivorous animal L: filter feeding [f] observable similarities between specimens [i] H and L Both have; a. Beaks b.Ear opening c.Eyes d. feathers e.Nostrils f.Neck i K and M both have a. digits /four digits/three pointing foward and one point pointing backward b. scales c.claws

Acquired traits include things such as calluses on fingers, larger muscle size from exercise or from avoiding predators.

Red blood cells are microscopic and have the shape of a flat disk or doughnut, which is round with an indentation in the center, but it isn't hollow. Red blood cells don't have a nucleus like white blood cells, allowing them to change shape and move throughout your body easier.

Blood donors with type O- (O negative) red blood cells are referred to as universal donors and their red blood cells can be given to any other blood type. Type AB-positive blood is called the "universal recipient" type because a person who has it can receive blood of any type.

The spongy mesophyll's function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO 2) that are needed for photosynthesis.

Arboreal animals are those animals that spend most of their life on trees. They feed, travel, play, and sleep on trees. 1. Koalas · 2. Black spider monkeys · 3. Siamang Gibbon · 4. Three-toed Sloth · 5. squirrel · 6. Rough green snake · 7. Veiled Chameleons · 8. Common brown lemurs.

Translocation is the movement of materials in plants from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Nutrients, mainly sugars, are created in the leaves during photosynthesis. These are then transported throughout the plant through phloem, which are a long series of connected cells.

The correct answer is B. They have well-developed respiratory structures. Annelids, such as earthworms, have a more advanced respiratory system compared to flatworms. They possess Setae (bristles) that increase the surface area for gas exchange, a well-developed circulatory system with blood capillaries that facilitate oxygen transport as well as a moist, thin cuticle that allows for gas diffusion. These specialized respiratory structures enable annelids to exchange gases more efficiently than flatworms, which rely on simple diffusion across their body surface.