Question Library

(a)(i) Cell is the basic/smallest structural/building block; and functional unit; of life. (ii) Scientists that are associated with the discovery of the cell. ii Robert Hooke ii Matthias Schleiden iii Theodor Schwann iv Rudolf Virchow v Felix Dujardin (b) Diagram of a plant cell ii Red blood cell/erythrocyte art[.iii ]iIt has a short life span ii Unable to reproduce more oxygen iii Gives room for carriage of more oxygen [c] i Nucleus ii Chloroplas iii Vacuole iv Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum v Smooth Endopolasmic Reticulum vi Lysosome viii golgi body ix mithochondrion

element microelement macroelement hydrogen ► magnesium ► zinc ► phosphorus ► boron ► nitrogen ► carbon ► oxygen ► copper ►

herbivore carnivore presence of diastema absence of diastema absence of canine presence of canine absence of carnassial teeth presence of carnassial teeth ridged molar cusped molar

[c} Human and goat Human Goat absence of diastema presence of diastema presence of canine absence of canine presence of incisor absence of dental pad presence of eight premolar presence of twelve premolars equal number of incisors in upper and lower jaw presence of incisors in upper and lower jaw

1.(a) Classification of specimens A and C according to thier lifecycle A: Annual/perennial C: Annual b) Observable diferences between specimens A and C A weevil-damaged bean seed c/maize grain brown,red,black,white coloured white/yellow/cream/coloured one scar present two scars present hilium present hilium absent presence of hole on the seed absence of holes kidney shaped shield/oblong shaped testa present/pericarp absent pericarp/fruit wall present has bulging body presence of two flat sides presence of micropyle micropyle absent Ways by which the damage to specimen A could have been prevented Storage in air-tight containers/vacuum seal the bean seeds/add oxygen absorber i. Use of pesticides/fumiganting/secticide ii. Freezing iv. Irradiation/radiation of seeds v.Hygienic storage on sanitation d) Type of germination of specimens A and C when planted A: Epigeal C: Hypogeal [ei]Drawing/diagram of longitudinal section L.S.)of specimen C/maize grain

The porcupine fish has spines on its body. The fish sucks in water and swells up to make the spines stick out. This transforms it from a small mouthful into an uneatable ball of prickly spines. Its flesh also contains a deadly poison as an extra defense.

taxis (tactic movement) A change in direction of locomotion in a motile micro-organism or cell, made in response to certain types of external stimulus

Mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Metaphase is the third phase of mitosis, which is a process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two, identical daughter cells

Most terrestrial insects produce uric acid as their main nitrogenous waste product. Uric acid is a relatively non- toxic and highly insoluble waste product. Therefore, it can crystallize out of solution, and may be either retained in the body, or eliminated as a solid waste material with little water loss.

Succession can be defined as a progressive natural development of vegetation towards a climax during which one community is gradually replaced by others. The abandoned farmland is a secondary succession as a result of the fact that it follows a partial destruction of the original vegetation.

Southern Guinea Savanna occurs in parts of Oyo, Ondo, Osun and Kwara states.

Dark stage, also known as biosynthetic or assimilatory, is the second stage in photosynthesis; in this stage, a cluster of reactions; solar light is not needed and converts carbon dioxide – among other complexes into sugars. some enzymes are involved in carbon assimilation process depend on solar light.

(a)(i) habitats of specimens of D and E D: Termatarium/anthill/old logs of trees/mounds dead tree stumps E: nest/hive (ii) observable structural differences between specimens D and E D/soldier termite E/honeybee presence of prominent/large/mandible presence of poorly developed/less prominent mandible stingvabsent sting present pollen comb wing present wing absent presence of pollen basket absence of prong presence of prong absence of proboscis presence of proboscis body not hairy[smooth] body is hairy absence of eye blind presence of [two/pair/of] compound eyes big in size /big head small in size /small head [iii] (iii) Behavioural adaptation common1o specimens D and E Social insects/nuptial flight/swarming (b) Economic importance of specimen E a. Production of honey b. Production of beeswax/wax c. Pollinating agent d. Employment e. Their stings lead to allergies/anaphylactic shock/difficulty in breathing/rashes/skin irritations f. Their stings could lead to death. {c} Table Types of teeth one function of teeth incisor cutting of vegetation/nibbling/gnawing/biting. premolar grinding/chewing molar grinding/chewing d[i] mode of feeding specimens G herbivorous ii ways by which specimen G adapts its organism to its mode of feeding a. sharp/chisel shaped/curved incisors for cutting vegetation/leaves /food/gnawing/bibbling/bitting b. broad/ridged surface of premolar ; for grinding /chewing Presence of diastema/space between incisor grinding/chewing and premolar, allows the rolling of food into bolus/its separates.freshly cut food/grass from the one being chewed. e.Mineral element needed for the proper functioning of specimen G i.Calcium ii. Phosphorus iii. Copper iv.Boron v. Zinc vi. Copper vii.Magnesium viii. Iron ix. Potassium

Sweat glands are used to regulate temperature and remove waste by secreting water, sodium salts, and nitrogenous waste (such as urea) onto the skin surface.

i Are the first set of teeth grown by the infants of a human. ii made up of inscisors,canines,and molars iii premolars are absent. iv the dental formulas is I2/2C1/1M2/2orI2/2C1/1P0/0M2/2 v they are also known as primary/temporal/decidious teeth/they are shed and replaced by permanent teeth.