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3 Kunle Ajayi Street, Oriko. Lagos. 5th May. 1989. The Commissioner, Ministry of Agriculture. Lagos State. Dear Sir, PEST INVASION OF OUR CROPS I am writing formally, on behalf of the farmers in Oriko community, to inform you about the invasion of our cocoa farm by pests. Oriko community is in Ojo Local Government area of Lagos State. It is basically an agricultural community with a vast expanse of cocoa farms. Our hope and expectation of bountiful harvest this year has however been dashed by the invasion of rampaging insect pests which attacked our cocoa pods before they were ripe for harvest. In the next few months, we expect that our cocoa trees will be harvested but our expectation has almost been thwarted by this pest menace. The attack on our cocoa trees was first noticed a month ago with the swarm of black insects on cocoa trees in several clusters. Soon after this, they spread so rapidly to cover both the stems of cocoa trees and the leaves. As farmers, we attacked the pest with gamallin which we know and believe could solve our problem, to no avail. The application of this insecticide seems to aggravate the situation as the pest spread further resulting in devastating attacks on our cocoa trees. Sir, the situation is getting out of hands as the pests have started inflicting heavy injuries on cocoa pods which, instead of getting ripe are now developing dark patches on their bodies. The pests eat up the leaves of our cocoa trees and other valuable crops voraciously and if an urgent step to curb their rapacious invasion is not taken now, it may spell doom for the farmers and colossal waste to the Ministry of Agriculture which has spent a lot of money to provide tools and insecticides for farmers in the state. It is obvious that our local efforts at controlling the pest have not achieved much. Therefore, I am using this medium to ask for your advice and urgent intervention to control the menace. The farmers would also need your advice on what pesticides to use in order to forestall future occurrence. I would be grateful if you could use your good office and the resources at you disposal to rescue us out of our present predicament. Yours faithfully, (signature) Adekunle Adewale.

SOCIAL EVILS IN NIGERIA There has been a great increase in moral decadence. in the country. Many Nigerians, especially youths are insatiable in their desire to get rich quickly. They want to get rich quickly in their greed and love for excessive materialism. Bribery s the order of the day while embezzlement of public funds by government officials is prevalent in the country nowadays. This development has become a matter of constant discussion on radio. television and newspapers. Its social evils have dangerously threatened the very existence of our society. and is now smelling like a bad sore. The causes of these social maladies can be traced to the warped or twisted societal values of our people. Nigerians do not cherish hardwork and diligence nowadays. Those who acquire material wealth by crooked means are praised and honoured, while the hardworking but poor people are not respected simply because they do not have money: Therefore, as a result of this, many Nigerians do not believe in hardwork and perseverance. An average Nigerian is greedy and everybody wants to own and ride exotic and flashy cars at all cost. They want to possess as many houses as possible and many servants as their greedy minds desire to possess. This has led to many Nigerians, especially youths to engage themselves in various forms of social evils like armed robbery. bribery and corruption, embezzlement and other forms of social malaise. All that they want is to acquire material wealth, in most cases, by crooked means since material acquisition speaks louder than such respected virtues and values like hardwork and honesty. As long as you can get wealth, nobody wants to know how you acquire it. Another cause of the social evils is the low level of discipline and morality in our various homes and families. Most parents are not honest themselves does not and they encourage their children to acquire wealth by all means, no matter how crooked such means are. The Nigerian government, at the various levels, doesn't help matters too as top government functionaries and officials embezzle public funds at will. Public funds are converted to personal uses and policemen collect bribes from drivers, smugglers and even from armed robbers. Honesty is no longer the best policy. The honest man now finds out, with great disappointment, that he is a misfit in the society. However, can it be altered? If not, what hope? What future? I strongly believe that there must be a way out. Where there is a will, there is a way. This means that if we want to bring an end to these social evils, there must be a change in our hearts. Once our hearts get the right message, I am sure that all the social evils will be eradicated. The Nigerian society should change its values and put honesty and hardwork above any other thing. The government should put into practice the principle of reward and punishment. And it should be stipulated that anybody found guilty of committing any of these social evils should be treated in the same way as armed robbers. On the other hand. government should reward honesty and query ill gotten wealth.

Ojokoro Grammar School P. 0. Box 2320 Ojokoro. 18th May. 1989. The Principal Ojokoro Grammar School Ojokoro. Dear Sir. REPORT ON THE RECENT VIOLENT DEMONSTRATION IN THE SCHOOL. The recent violent demonstration by students which took place on Wednesday last week is quite unfortunate espe-cially with the large scale destruction which accompanied the protest. It is rather unfortunate that what was planned to be a peaceful demonstration ended up being a violent one resulting in wanton destruction of the school property. The demonstration has both remote and immediate causes. The remote causes are teachers' nonchalant attitude to work and their high-handedness on students. For quite a long time before the demonstration students had been complaining about the poor attitude of teachers to work. Teachers are failing in their duties; they do not come to classes regularly. In most cases when students go to the staff room to call them, they will give one excuse or the other. Even when some of them promise to come they will not. Few of the teachers who come to teach often do not prepare for their lessons. They do not write lesson notes The negligence of the teachers in carrying out their duties coupled with the high-handedness of some of them constitute the basis for the complaints by students. They have come to complain to me several times as the senior prefect. Furthermore. the simmering complaints about the teachers culminated in the outbreak of the violent demonstration. The demonstration was triggered off by the injury which Friday Osadolor, a JSS three student sustained in his right eye when Mr. Adebowale, the Biology teacher was flogging him. The demonstration was planned to be a mere peaceful protest by carrying placards in a march to your office. Unfortunately, the march was overtaken by aggrieved students who introduced violence into the hitherto simple protest march. During the incident, the staff room. school bus and the school hall were burnt down by some students while some teachers were manhandled. It is obvious that the violent demonstration could have been averted if appropriate steps had been taken to listen to the students' complaints. Sir. I would want you to always have your ears to the ground so that you would know what is going on in the school. You should provide a suggestion box in the school where students can put their complaints and suggestions. Above all, you should try as much as possible to talk to the teachers to discharge their duties effectively as at when due. You should encourage the teachers to treat the students as their children when they do something wrong. They should avoid inflicting injuries on students when flogging them. You should also institute a panel to look into the remote and the immediate causes of the demonstration. Tunde Ojuri (Senior Prefect.)

P.O.Box 43 Oshodi Lagos Nigeria. 15th July, 1989 Dear Alex, How are you and your studies? I hope that you are doing very fine. I received your letter last week and the content was well understood. It will interest you to know how the current economic situation in the country has affected our life as a family. I will be very happy that you know the present economic situation in Nigeria. Things are not the way they used to be five years ago. There is harsh economic situation everywhere and it is taking its toll on every Nigerian family. It is very disheartening to inform you about the poor economic situation in our country. As a result of this, the financial condition of our family has deteriorated over the years. Alex, you will discover that you have not received money from daddy in the last two years. The reason is that daddy is going through a lot of economic hardship now. Things are not alright with the family. As you must have known daddy was retrenched last year and since then he had not been able to secure another job. Even before he was retrenched, he could not meet all the financial responsibilities because his salary was too meagre. His retrenchment only exacerbated the serious economic hardship that the family is undergoing. In fact, daddy has to sell his land to augment the little income which mummy realises from her petty trading. As a result of this, many things go wrong in the family. My brothers and I are always at the receiving end. We were withdrawn from the private schools we attended to public schools. Our parents took the decision when they found it increasingly difficult to pay our school fees. This has affected John psychologically as he finds it difficult to cope and as a result, he behaves stubbornly most of the time as a protest to the decision. Furthermore, the hard economic situation has affected the harmony and peace which had hitherto reigned in our home when you were in the country. Now there are frequent squabbles between daddy and mummy. They no longer agree most of the times simply because daddy can't back up most of his ideas with financial muscle. For instance, mummy quarelled with daddy recently because Peter had no shoes to wear to a birthday party and daddy couldn't buy him a new pair of shoes. Now, you will realise that the devastating economic situation in Nigeria has affected the once unified family that you knew some years back. l fi advise you to look for a job in London so that you can pay your school fees and meet up with other expenses. Extend my greetings to all your friends. Yours sincerely. Samuel.

HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY Mr. David Achudume is a man who is highly esteemed and respected by his friends and colleagues. His well-known alias is "Honesty" because his reaction to every fraudulent incident in the bank where he is working is "that it pays to be honest". 'Honesty' has become his second name and much of a creed than a mere aphorism to him. He accepts this as a way of life because of the stern and honest parents he had. According to him his parents instructed him to be honest always in all his dealings and to accept honesty as his guiding principle. As he was growing up. his father usually told him to be honest and shame the devil. His determination to be honest always eventually has made him what he is today, a respected bank executive. David had a little education which did not take him beyond secondary school. He couldn't go beyond secondary school because his father died while he was in school. Despite his poor background he decided to be honest and truthful. He was however lucky to get employed in a commercial bank as a messenger. In the bank where he was working. he was well-known as a man who always stood by the truth and whose avowed policy is honesty. "We would not be having cases of fraudulent practices in our banks. if we can all be honest," was always his spontaneous reaction whenever there are incidents of fraud in the bank. He had contributed to foiling frand attempts planned by some of his colleagues either by refusing to conspire with them to steal bank money or by alerting his bosses whenever he was aware of any attempt to defraud the bank. This has earned him a second name and he was popular with it. His honesty paid off one day. One Thursday afternoon a gang of armed robbers stormed the bank and ordered everybody in the banking hall to lie down and face the ground. The manager of the bank was forced to surrender the key of the vault where the bank's money was kept. A lot of money was carted away as the robbers collected all the money from the cashiers and the bank's vault. As the robbers were hurrying away. they forgot to carry along with them three boxes containing millions of naira which they had packed out of the bank and kept at the back of the bank. Two days after the robbery, David saw the three boxes left at the back of the bank while he was burning some rough papers he was asked to burn by his boss. He called the manager and other top members of the bank and took them to where the boxes were dumped. The bank management rewarded David with a promotion to the post of a supervisor and a cash award of one hundred thousand naira. His promotion had since then been rapid and in the last Annual General meeting of the bank, he was honoured with promotion to the post of a manager. When he was invited to mount the rostrum, the Master of ceremony said of him: "He is singled out for this honour and award because he has demonstrated that he deserves the alias "Honesty." In practical terms, honesty is his best policy".

(a)(i) Dissenting - opposing, contradicting, doubting (ii) Stamp - impress, record, register (iii) Contemporaries -colleagues, mates, peers, friends, (iv) Forbearance - endurance, (v) Storms - ordeals, problems (b) Personification (c.)(1) a Noun phrase (ii) Subject (d) The two hardships Andrew had gone through are: (1) His father died in his third year in the secondary school (2) His left middle finger was cut by a stockfish machine. (e) He had everything; or he had succeeded; or he had achieved greatness.

(a) (i) asset -.inheritance, resource, gift. (ii) stability - firmness, steadiness (iii) worthwhile - deserving, good, reliable (iv) exhibits - displays, shows, points out (v) hostile - unfriendly, wicked, uncooperative (vi) unwholesome - negative, bad, unhealthy (b)(i) A happy home helps the child to develop strong and stable character (2)A happy home prepares or equips the child to face the future without fear. (3)A happy home helps the child to have something to depend on or live for. (c)(0 undue anxiety — unnecessary worry, or fear of uncertainty. (ii) Juvenile delinquents - young offenders, young criminals. (d)(i) credit (ii) undoubtedly (iii) Create. (e) The word "happy" is used several times to emphasize the importance of happiness in human society.

(a) (1) Fast decline in the state of the economy is one of the reasons for the wide spread corruption in Nigeria. (2) Widespread corruption in Nigeria is also due to poor awareness of the rights of the citizens. (b) The common pattern that corruption takes in Nigeria is that people can only get what they .want through. bribery and personal relationships. (c) (1) Our leaders must live a life that is corruption - free (2) Emphasis must be laid on justice, fairness and selflessness in teaching moral instructions. (3) Less emphasis should be placed on acquisition of material wealth.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option B.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option A.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option C.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option C.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option B.

The pedipalps are the two appendages found in the front of a spider's head. The spiders use them to grasp the insect in order for them to eat.

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option D.