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Mathematics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Application of Integration
Solution
Determine the area of the region bounded by y = \(2x^2\) + 10 and Y = \(4x + 16\).
A
18
B
\(\frac {-10}{3}\)
C
\(\frac {44}{3}\)
D
\(\frac {64}{3}\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Step-by-Step Mathematical Solution
To find the point of intersection, equate the two equations
⇒ 2x\(^2\) + 10 = 4x + 16
⇒ 2x\(^2\) + 10 - 4x - 16 = 0
⇒ 2x\(^2\) - 4x - 6 = 0
Factorize
⇒ 2(x + 1)(x - 3) = 0
∴ x = -1 or 3
The curves will intersect at -1 and 3
Area = \(\int^b_a\) [upper function] - [lower function] dx
= \(\int^3_1 4x + 16 - (2x^2 + 10) dx\)
= \(\int^3_1 -2x^2 + 4x + 6dx\)
= \((\frac {-2x^3}{3} + 2x^2 + 6x)^3_1\)
= \((\frac {-2(3)^3}{3} + 2(3)^2 + 6(3)) - (\frac {-2(-1)^3}{3} + 2(-1)^2 + 6(-1))\)
= 18 - \((\frac {10}{3})\)
= 18 + \(\frac {10}{3}\)
= \(\frac {64}{3}\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67277)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Light & Geometrical Optics
Solution
The near point of a patient's eye is 50.0 cm. What power (in diopters) must a corrective lens have to enable the eye to see clearly an object 25.0 cm away?
A
2 diopters
B
2.5 diopters
C
0.5 diopters
D
3 diopters
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
The patient cannot see clearly an object closer than 50 cm
Therefore, the patient needs a lens that would enable him see clearly, objects placed 25 cm from the lens
So, we take the object to a distance of 25 cm from the lens so that the image forms at 50 cm in front of the lens
u=25cm ;v=-50cm (virtual image); p=
\(\frac{1}{f}\)=\(\frac{1}{u}\) + \(\frac{1}{v}\)
⇒\(\frac{1}{f}\) =\(\frac{1}{50}\)
⇒\(\frac{1}{f}\) = \(\frac{1}{25}\)-\(\frac{1}{50}\)
⇒\(\frac{1}{f}\) = f = 50cm =0.5m
⇒\(\frac{1}{f}\) = \(\frac{2-1}{50}\)
p = \(\frac{1}{f}\)
p = \(\frac{1}{0.5}\)
p = 2 diopters
; The patient needs a converging lens with a power of 2 diopters
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67977)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Motion Force Circular Motion
Solution
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them is called:
A
Electromagnetism
B
Thermodynamics
C
Mechanics
D
Quantum mechanics
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them. It is the foundation of all other branches of physics, and it is used to study everything from the motion of planets to the motion of electrons.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #68566)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Work, Energy and Power
Solution
How much net work is required to accelerate a 1200 kg car from 10\(ms^{-1}\) to 15\(ms^{-1}\)
A
1.95×\(10^5 j\)
B
1.35×\(10^4 j\)
C
7.5×\(10^4 j\)
D
6.0×\(10^4 j\)
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
m=1200kg, \(V_1\)= \(10ms^{-1}\) \(V_2\) = \(15ms^{-1}\), w= ?
work=►K.E = \( K.E_2\) = \(K.E_2\) - \(K.E_1\)
⇒work= \(\frac{1}{2}{mv^2_2}-\frac{1}{2}{mv^2_1}\)
⇒work= \(\frac{1}{2}m({v^2_2}-{v^2_1}\))
⇒work= \(\frac{1}{2}\times 1200\times (15^2-10^2)\)
⇒work = 600 \times (225 -100)
⇒work= 600 \times 125
⇒work= 7.5\times\(10^4 j\)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67686)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Work, Energy and Power
Solution
How much work is done against the gravitational force on a 3.0 kg object when it is carried from the ground floor to the roof of a building, a vertical climb of 240 m?
A
7.2 kJ
B
4.6 kJ
C
6.8 kJ
D
8.4 kJ
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
The work done against the gravitational force is calculated using the formula W = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately \(9.8 ms^2\) on Earth), and h is the height. Substituting the given values, we get W = 3.0 kg * \(9.8 m/s^2\) * 240 m = 7.2 kJ. Therefore, the correct answer is '7.2 kJ'.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #68116)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Simple Machine
Diagram
Solution
A 200 kg load is raised using a 110 m long lever as shown in the diagram above. The load is 10m from the pivot P. If the efficiency of the the lever is 80%, find the effort E required to lift the load.
[Take g = 10ms-2]
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
250
B
300
C
450
D
200
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
ε= 80%, L=200\times 10 = 2000N, \(d_L\)=10m
\(d_E\)= 110-10 = 100m, E=?
ε = \(\frac{work done on the load}{work done by the effort}\) \times 100%
⇒ work done on load = 2000 \times10 =20,000 j
⇒ work done by effort = E \times 100 = 100E
⇒ 80 = \(\frac{20,000}{100E}\) \times 100%
⇒ 80 = \(\frac{20,000}{E}\)
⇒ E = \(\frac{20,000}{80}\)
⇒ E = 250N
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67830)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Linear Motion & Kinematics
Solution
A lorry accelerates uniformly in a straight line with acceleration of \(4ms^-2\) and covers a distance of 250 m in a time interval of 10 s. How far will it travel in the next 10 s?
A
650
B
900
C
800
D
250
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
We first find the lorry's initial velocity
a = \(4ms^-2\), s= 250m, t= 10, u=?
⇒ ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\times4\times(10^2)
⇒250= 10u + 200
⇒ 250-200 = 10u
⇒ 50 = 10u
⇒U =\frac{50}{10}\) = \(5ms^-1\)
For the next 10s, we set t=20s
= s = (5 \times 20) + \(\frac{1}{2}\times4\times{20^2}\)
= s = 100 + 800
⇒ 900 m
;Distance covered:900-250 =650m
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67375)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Equilibrium of Forces
Diagram
Solution
Find the tension in the two cords shown in the figure above. Neglect the mass of the cords, and assume that the angle is 38° and the mass m is 220 kg
[Take g = 9.8 ms-2]
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
\(T_1\) = 2864 N, \(T_2\)= 3612 N
B
\(T_1\)= 3612 N, \(T_2\) = 2864 N
C
\(T_1\)= 3502 N, \(T_2\)= 2760 N
D
\(T_1\) = 2760 N, \(T_2\) = 3502 N
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
W = mg = 220 x 9.8 = 2156 N
⇒Sin 38º = \(\frac{2156}{T_1}\)
⇒ \(T_1\) = \(\frac{2156}{Sin 38}\)
⇒ \(T_1\) = 3502 N
Cos 38º = \(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\)
⇒ \(T_2\) = 3502 x Cos 38º
⇒ \(T_2\) = 2760 N
; \(T_1\) = 3502 N, \(T_2\) = 2760 N.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67267)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Equilibrium of Forces
Diagram
Solution
Three forces with magnitudes 16 N, 12 N and 21 N are shown in the diagram below. Determine the magnitude of their resultant force and angle with the x-axis
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
7.63N,61°
B
8.71N,61°
C
7.63N,29°
D
8.71N,29°
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option B
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Fx= 12cos32^\circ-16cos26^\circ = -4.20N (right is taken +ve and left is taken -ve)
Fy=12sin32^\circ+16sin26^\circ-21 = -7.63N (up is taken +ve and down is taken -ve)
\(R^2\)= 4.202+7.632
⇒\(R^2\) = 75.86
⇒ R=\sqrt75.86
∴R = 8.71 N
tan \theta=\(\frac{opp}{adj}\)
⇒tan \theta=\(\frac{7.63}{4.20}\)
⇒tan \theta =1.8095
⇒ \theta = \(tan^-1\) (1.8095)
\theta = 61^\circ
∴The angle of the resultant force with the x-axis is 61^\circ
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67919)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Equilibrium of Forces
Diagram
Solution
A block of mass 0.5 kg is suspended at the 40 cm mark of a light metre rule AB that is pivoted at point E, the 90 cm mark, and is kept at equilibrium by a string attached at point D, the 60 cm mark, as shown in the figure above. Find the tension T in the string.
[Take g = \(10 ms-2\) ]
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
16.67N
B
15.67N
C
14.67N
D
18.67N
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
W = mg = 0.5 x 10 = 5 N
Since it's light, neglect the weight of the metre rule.
The effective tension T acting in the vertical direction = T sin 30^\circ
From the second condition of equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments equal sum of anticlockwise moments
Taking moment at E
⇒ T sin 30^\circ x 30 = 5 x 50
⇒ ∴T=250
T = \(\frac{250}{15}\) = 16.67N
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #68009)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Equilibrium of Forces
Solution
The working of the beam balance is based on the principle of
A
moments
B
conservation of energy
C
equivalence
D
floatation
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
The working of the beam balance is based on the principle of moments. The principle of moments states that the sum of the clockwise moments on a beam must be equal to the sum of the counterclockwise moments on the beam. This means that the weight of the object on the left side of the beam must be multiplied by the distance from the fulcrum to the left side of the beam, and the weight of the object on the right side of the beam must be multiplied by the distance from the fulcrum to the right side of the beam. If these two products are equal, then the beam will be in equilibrium.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #68567)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Equilibrium of Forces
Solution
Which of the following is an example of a couple?
A
All of the above.
B
The forces that are applied to the handle of a screwdriver when you twist it.
C
The forces that are applied to a cross wench to loosen or tighten the lug nuts on a wheel of a car.
D
The forces that are applied to the steering wheel of a car when you turn it.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option A
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
A couple is a pair of forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, and that are applied to a body at different points. The forces of a couple do not produce any translation, but they do produce a rotation.
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #68579)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Projectile Motion
Solution
A missile is launched with a speed of 75 ms-1 at an angle of 22° above the surface of a warship. Find the horizontal range achieved by the missile. Ignore the effects of air resistance.
[Take g = 10 ms-2]
A
195
B
271 m
C
391 m
D
136 m
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option C
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
U= 75 \(ms^-1\) =22º, g= 10 \(ms^-2\) , R=?
R= \(\frac{U^2sin2\theta}{g}\)
⇒R= \(\frac{75^2\timessin2(22)}{10}\)
⇒R= \(\frac{5625\timesSin44}{10}\)
⇒R= \(\frac{5625\times0.6947}{10}\)
⇒R= \(\frac{3907.69}{10}\)
⇒ 391m
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67268)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Momentum Impulse Newtons Law of Motion
Diagram
Solution
Name the type of equilibrium for each position of the ball
Attached Figure / Diagram
A
A - unstable, B - neutral, C - stable
B
A - stable, B - neutral, C - unstable
C
A - stable, B - unstable, C - neutral
D
A - unstable, B - stable, C - neutral
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option D
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
Object A will undergo unstable equilibrium as it can move farther from its original position
Object B will undergo stable equilibrium as it can return to its original position
Object C will undergo neutral equilibrium as it can remain in a new position
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67430)
Physics
UTME / JAMB 2023
Simple Harmonic Motion
Solution
A man swung an object of mass 2 kg in a circular path with a rope 1.2 m long. If the object was swung at 120 rev/min, find the tension in the rope.
medium Difficulty
Verified Correct Answer: Option
Physical Principles & Numerical Solution
m=2kg, r=1.2m, f=120rev/min ; T=?
f= \(\frac{120rev}{1min}\) × \(\frac{1min}{60s}\) = 2rev\s
w=2πf= 2×π×2= 4πrad\s
T= \(\frac{mv^2}{r}\), but v = wr
⇒ T = \(\frac{(m)(wr)^2}{r}\)
⇒ T = \(mw^2r\)
= T = 2× (4π)^2 × 1.2
T = 379N ( to 3 s.f)
Source: WAEC / JAMB / NECO Classroom Archive (Record #67825)