Question Library

(a) List two differences between solids and liquids. (b) The graph below is the heating curve for a solid X. Use the graph to answer Questions (i) — (iii) below. (i) What is the melting point of X? (ii) If the vapour of X is cooled, at what temperature will it start to condense? (iii) (I) As X is heated, state what happens to the: I. frequency of collision of molecules of X; (II) value of the entropy of the system.

(a)(i) List the three types of particles present in atoms. (ii) name the element which does not contain all the three particles in its atom. Mention the particle that is not present. (b) Give the reason why: (i) the relative atomic masses of some elements are not whole number; (ii) relative atomic masses are used instead of the actual masses of atoms in grams; (iii) metals are good conductors of electricity. (c)(i) Name the type of bond present in the oxonium ion, (ii) State one effect of the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the physical properties of ethanol. (d)(i) Explain what is meant by water of crystallization. (ii) When 5.0g of a compound Y was heated to constant mass, 1.8g of water vapour was given off. Determine the number of molecules of water of crystallization in one molecule of Y, given that the molar mass of its anhydrous form is 160g. [H = 1, 0 = 16]

(a)(i) What is isomerism? (ii) Name the alkanol that is isomeric with methoxymethane (CH\(_3\)OCH\(_3\)). (b)(i) Outline the laboratory:preparation of ethylethanoate. (Diagrams not required) (ii) Write the structural formula of ethylethancqte (iii) State two physical properties of ethylethanoate. (c) When gas oil which consists of larger hydrocarbons was subjected to high temperature and pressure, the following reaction occurred. C\(_{17}\)H\(_{36(l)}\) \(\to\) 3C\(_2\)H\(_{4(g)}\) + C\(_3\)H\(_{6(g)}\) + Q\(_{(l)}\) (i) What name is given to the process indicated above? (ii) State the importance of the process to the petroleum industry. (iii) Find the formula of the product which Q represents in the equation above. (iv) Mention one type of chemical industry that utilizes ethene as raw material. (d) Consider the following compounds: CH\(_3\) — (CH\(_2\))\(_2\) —CH\(_3\); C\(_6\)H\(_5\) —CH = CH\(_2\); CH=C — CH\(_3\). State which of them: (i) is used as a domestic fuel; (ii) is an aromatic compound, (iii) participates in such situation but not addition reactions; (iv) would react with two moles of hydrogen per mole.

(a) List three properties of a system that is in a state of chemical equilibrium. (b) Consider reaction represented by the following equation: 3H\(_{2(g)}\) + N\(_{2(g)}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) 2NH\(_{3(g)}\); H = 92KJ (i) Explain the effect of increasing the temperature of the reaction on the yield of ammonia (ii) Uses of energy profile diagram to illustrate the effect of a positive catalyst on the rate of either the forward reaction or the reverse reaction. (c) In the extraction of aluminium from bauxite: (i) outline the procedure used for purifying the ore; (ii) write equation for the reaction at each electrode, during the electrolysis of the pure alumina; (iii) state the function of molten cryolite in the electrolytic cell for the extraction.

(a)(i) Explain what is meant by saturated solution (ii) Describe in outline, a suitable procedure for preparing a saturated solution of sodium trioxonitrate(V) at 30^\circC. (ii) State two techniques that can be used to recover crystals of sodium trioxonitrate(V) from its saturated solution. (b) 1.0dm\(^3\) of an aqueous solution at 90^\circC contains 404g of potassium trioxonitrate(V) and 245g of potassium trioxochlorate (V). (i) Determine which of the two salts will separate out when the solution is cooled to 60^\circC. N = 14. O = 16, CI = 35.5, K = 39; Solubility of KNO\(_3\) in water at 60\(^o\)C = 5.14 mol.dm\(^{-3}\), Solubility of KCIO\(_3\) in water at 60^\circC = 1.61 mol.dm\(^{-3}\) (ii) Calculate the mass of salt that will separate out at 60^\circC (c)(i) List two salts which cause hardness of water. (ii) Explain why temporary hardness of water result in the furring of kettle.

(a) Use the following reaction scheme to answer Questions;(i) - (iii) below; (i) Give one suitable procedure for carrying out each of reactions 1, 2, and 3 separately in the laboratory (ii) State the gases produced along with lead (lI) Oxide in reaction 1. (iii) What is the colour of lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI)? (b) When a drop of concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid was added to potassium iodide solution, a violet-colored gas was evolved? (i) What is the name of the gas evolved? (ii) State the functions of concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid in the reaction. (iii) What would be observed if starch solution were added to the reaction mixture?

Credit will be given for strict adherence to instructions, for observations precisely recorded, and for accurate inferences. All tests, observations, and inferences must be clearly entered in your answer book, in ink at the time they are made. C is a mixture of two simple salts. Carry out the following exercises on C. Record your observations and identify any gases evolved. State the conclusion you draw from the result (a)(i) Put all C in a boiling tube or beaker and add about 10cm\(^{3}\) of distilled water Stir the mixture thoroughly and tilter Keep both the residue and the filtrate (ii) Test the filtrate with litmus paper. (b) Divide the filtrate of two portions (i) To the first portion of the filtrate. add about 2cm\(^3\) of dilute trioxonitrate (v) acid and then silver trioxonitrate (v) solution (ii) To the second portion of the filtrate, add sodium hydroxide solution in drops until it is in excess. (c) Put half of the residue in a test tube and heat strongly. Allow to cool (d)(i) Put the remaining half of the residue in a test tube and add about 2cm\(^3\) of dilute hydrochloric acid. (ii) To the resulting solution from (d(i)) above, add aqueous ammonia in drops until it is in excess.

All your burette readings (initial and final), as well as the size of your pipette, must be recorded but no account of experimental procedure is required. All calculations must be done in your answer book. A is a solution containing 6.3g dm\(^{-3}\) of impure ethanoic acid. B is 0.10mol. dm\(^{-3}\) sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide solution. (a) Put A into the burette and titrate with 20.0cm\(^3\) or 25.0cm\(^3\) portions of B using phenolphthalein as indicator. Record the volume of your pipette Record the volume of your pipette. Tabulate your burette readings and calculate the volume of A used. (b) From your result and the information provided, calculate the (i) concentration of solution A in mol.dm\(^{-3}\) (ii) Concentration of solution A in dm\(^{-3}\) and hence the percentage purity of the ethanoic acid, (iii) Volume of solution A that would neutralize a solution containing 0.005 mole of sodium hydroxide. The equation for the reaction is; H\(_2\)C\(_2\)O\(_{4(aq)}\) + 2NaOH\(_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) Na\(_2\)C\(_2\)O\(_{(aq)}\) + 2H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\) [H = 1; C = 12. O = 16] (c)(i) What would be the colour of methylorange indicator in solution B? (ii) Give the reason why methylorange is not a suitable indicator for titration.

From the words lettered A to E below each of the following sentences, choose the word that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word as it is used in the sentence. The politician made very scurrilous remarks about his opponent.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions on it . The history of warfare reveals that man has come a long way. In the beginning man contented him self with simple hand-hurled missiles. Man threw the stone at other animals and. in warfare, at his enemies. Destruction was minimal, as this was determined by the size and roughness of the stone and the energy of the thrower. Even when man later invented the catapult, destruction was only slightly higher. The primitive catapult was made out of a tough rope at one end of which was tied a big stone. Its most limiting factor was that such a missile, no matter how strong the force behind it, could kill only one person at a time. Things were relatively easier for the assailant with the invention of the bow and arrow. For the first time, man utilized very little strength to bring down his enemy, even at a fairly distant position. The size of the bow, the elasticity of its string, and the sharpness of the arrow, much more than the crude energy of the thrower, determined how far and fast the arrow traveled. The weapon became even more significant when man later learnt to fix a sharp metal to the tip of the arrow. And when that metal was dyed in highly lethal poison, it became even more effective in killing a man. With the coming of metal, farm implements were developed. But man soon turned some of these, especially the machete. into weapons of combat. The sword is thus a very close cousin of the machete. Used in combat, the sword, especially when carried by a very skillful fighter on a horse, could wreak far more havoc than the bow and arrow. It is hence understandable that the foremost conquerors of the classical period, from Alexander the Great to Julius Caesar, used this simple hand-borne instrument of combat. And this, in its simple turn with the invention of the gun and the bullet. The arrival of the gun introduced destruction of human lives at an unprecedented rate with even the most elementary gun. In the hands of foot soldiers, it became possible to count casualties in hundreds in a single encounter. With practically no physical effort, apart from the moving of a finger on the trigger, the highly lethal bullet is sent through the barrel at a speed much faster than that of sound. The enemy, at a considerable distance, may thus be brought down without even hearing the sound of the shooting or seeing his assailant. The development of grenades, bombs, missiles, nuclear and chemical war-heads have made all previous weapons appear little more than toys. With bombs delivered by fast-flying airplanes, and nuclear or chemical war-heads borne to their distant destinations by unnamed missiles, destruction of cities and, in fact, of whole countries within a matter of hours is now a great possibility. Today, man doesn't need to be physically present to haul the stone, or throw the spear, or send the arrow. The missile has now replaced all these, and it does not need to be physically sent by an individual. Electronics and computers do the launching, and men die in hundreds of thousands. In six sentences, one for each, summarize the six different types of weapons of warfare and their relative effectiveness.

Your younger sister in SSII has written for your advice on what subjects she should study for the SSCE. As someone who knows her ability in the different subjects, write a letter to her giving advice on why she should choose certain subjects rather than others. There has been an outbreak of an epidemic in your area.

Write an article for publication in a health magazine stating the causes and effects, and suggesting what should be done in order to check it.

The topic of a debate organized by the Directorate for Mass Mobilization for senior secondary schools is: The open ballot system is better than the secret ballot system for Nigeria. Write your contribution for or against the motion.

You were an eye-witness to a fight in your dormitory in which a junior student was given a black eye and the principal had threatened to expel all the boarders unless the facts of the matter were made known to him. Write a letter to the principal stating what actually happened.

Recently, there was a rainstorm which caused a lot of damage in your locality. Write an article for publication in your school magazine, describing the rainstorm, the damage caused and its effects on the people.