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During the transformation of matter from the solid to the liquid state, the heat supplied does not produce a temperature increase because all the heat is used to break the bonds holding the molecules of the solid together

I & III only as units are independent of energy equation.

- Conduction is explained in terms of the free electrons. - Convention is explained in terms of the movement of the fluid involved. - Radiation is explained in terms of invisible electromagnetic wave

As conduction of gases is at low pressure and high voltage, called field or cold cathode emission.

- sound travels through solids, liquids & gases - sound travels faster in solid than in liquid & faster in liquid than in gases.

E = F m = GMm/d\(^2\) m = GM d\(^2\) E = 6.7 \times 10\(^{-11}\) \times 6 \times 10\(^{24}\) (6.4 \times 10\(^6\))\(^2\) = 9.8N kg E = g = 9.8N/kg

- retina is similar to film - pupil is similar to aperture - iris is similar to diaphragm

F = 6N, m = 2kg, t = 4s, u = 0 (stationary or at rest) K.E = \(\frac{1}{2}\)mv\(^2\) F = \(\frac{\text{mv}}{\text{t}}\) from rest K.E = \(\frac{1}{2}m(\frac{\text{Ft}}{\text{m}})^2\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x (\(\frac{6 \times 4}{2})^2\) = 12\(^2\) = 144J.

The momentum of a car moving at constant speed on a circular track is a vector quantity that depends on both magnitude and direction. While the magnitude of momentum remains constant because the speed is constant, the direction of the velocity (and thus momentum) continuously changes as the car follows the circular path. As a result, the momentum vector can point in any direction and have both positive and negative components depending on the chosen coordinate system.

- the positive pole is lead peroxide (PbO\(_2\)) - the negative pole is head - the electrolyte is H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

Boiling indicates changes from Liquid to gas.

Mixing blue and red pigments in equal amount gives magenta when illuminated by white light

P = F A hence, pressure increases when the areas decreases.

Gases conduct electricity under low pressure & high voltage

It was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.