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Loudness does not affect the speed of sound.

For a closed pipe, only odd harmonics are present. first overtone frequency is 3f\(_o\), 2\(^{nd}\) overtone frequency is 5f\(_o\) etc. 4\(^{th}\) overtone frequency = 9f\(_o\) 900 = 9f\(_o\) f\(_o\) = \(\frac{900}{9}\) = 100Hz

Presbyopia: Caused by aging and weakened ciliary muscles, making it hard to focus on nearby objects.

Presbyopia is the condition where the eye's ability to focus on close objects decreases with age, and bifocal lenses provide two different optical powers for distance and near vision.

POWER = \(\frac{\text{workdone}}{\text{time}}\) Dimension of work done ( F x S = M x A x S ) = MLT\(^{-2}\) L = ML\(^2\)T\(^{-2}\) Dimension of time = T Therefore, the dimension of power = \(\frac{ML^2T^{-2}}{T}\) = ML\(^2\)T\(^{-3}\)

A standard vernier caliper usually has the least count (its degree of accuracy) of 0.01 cm, meaning it can make measurements to the nearest hundredth of a centimeter. This level of precision allows for accurate readings in various applications.

A standard meter rule has markings that are usually every millimeter (1 mm). The least count, which is the smallest measurement that can be accurately read, is often 1 mm. The least possible error is generally considered to be half of the smallest division, so it is \pm0.05cm (or \pm0.5mm).

Mechanical advantage of a machine = \(\frac{\text{LOAD}}{\text{EFFORT}}\) In this case of a wedge, we can consider the dimensions given: Load distance (height of the machine): 15 cm Effort distance (movement of the effort): 0.5 cm M.A = \(\frac{15}{0.5}\) = 30.0

Power = \(\frac{w}{t}\) Given: F = 50N, s = 500cm → 5m and t = 1s W = f x s = 50 x 5 = 250J Power = \(\frac{250}{1}\) = 250W

Convection: The movement of air due to temperature differences between land and water, leading to the formation of breezes.

At equilibrium, the pressures at the bottom of both columns are equal: ρ\(_m\) \times h\(_m\) \times g = ρ\(_x\) \times h\(_x\) \times g g cancels out, so: ρ\(_m\) \times h\(_m\) = ρ\(_x\) \times h\(_x\) \(\rho_x = \rho_m \times \frac{h_m}{h_x} = 800 \times \frac{7.1}{14.2}\) \(\frac{7.1}{14.2} = 0.5\) \(\rho_x = 800 \times 0.5 = 400 \, \text{kg/m³}\) Relative density of X (with respect to methanol) = \(\frac{\rho_x}{\rho_m} = \frac{400}{800} = \mathbf{0.5}\)

An electroscope is a passive device used to detect and measure charges, not to produce or generate electric charge in a body.

When a galvanometer is connected to a shunt resistor, it is converted into an ammeter. By connecting a shunt in parallel with a galvanometer, it can measure larger currents without getting damaged, turning it into an ammeter

The distance to the wall is 408m, so the total distance (D) traveled by the sound is: D = 2 \times 408m = 816m But v = \(\frac{d}{t}\) = \(\frac{816}{2.4}\) = 340m/s

The elliptical shape of the Earth: The Earth is not a perfect sphere; it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. This shape causes variations in gravitational acceleration.