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Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space and may be able to penetrate various materials. Light, radio, and microwaves are good examples

When water is heated, the density rises and falls steadily, remember the anomalous expansion of water.

Acceleration[a] = \(\frac{[forward - resistive]force}{mass}\) a = \(\frac{1240-800}{1220}\) → \(\frac{440-800}{1220}\) a = 0.36m/s\(^2\), v = 4m/s, s = ? Second equation of motion: s is distance u is initial velocity v is final velocity a is acceleration v\(^2\) = u\(^2\) + 2as 4\(^2\) = 0\(^2\) + 2 * 0.36 * s 16 = 0.72s 22.2m = s

Joule as the unit of work done or energy used. Force = mass \times acceleration Work = Force \times Distance Work = mass x acceleration x distance Joule = kg \times \(\frac{m}{s^2}\) \times m → kg m\(^2\) s\(^{-2}\)

VR = 5:1 or 5 Load = 20kg or 200N MA = \(\frac{200}{E}\) Efficiency% = \(\frac{MA}{VR} * 100\) 100% = \(\frac{200}{5E} * 100\) 5E = 200 E = 40

Mathematically; S = vt + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at\(^2\) : S ∝ t\(^2\)

v = ?, u = 0, a = 10, s = 30 V² = U²+2as V² = 0 + 2 * 10 * 30 V² = 0 + 600 V = \sqrt600 V = 24.5m/s

A body is in neutral equilibrium when, upon receiving a slight displacement, it tends to come to rest in its new position, e.g., a ball rolling on a horizontal surface, or a cone resting on its curved surface. Ball R: Positioned in a trough between two crests. If displaced slightly, it will move to a new position and remain there, showing it is in neutral equilibrium

Hooke's Law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the load that is applied to it. A variety of materials obey this law as long as the load does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Archimede's Principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upthrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced, and this is fundamental to the equilibrium of a body floating in still water. When a body floats in a liquid, the weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part is equal to the total weight of the body. This is the law of floatation. The Principle of Moments states that when a body is balanced, the total clockwise moment about a point equals the total anticlockwise moment about the same point.

friction, force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another. Examples of friction in our daily life Driving of a a vehicle on a surface. Applying brakes to stop a moving vehicle. Skating. Walking on the road.

The viscosity of a material is affected by temperature, pressure, nature of fluid, velocity gradient

Internal energy is affected by factors such as pressure, volume, and temperature. All of the variables in this list are state functions. Mass, volume, pressure, temperature, density, and entropy are all examples of state functions.

The magnetic meridian is an equivalent imaginary line connecting the magnetic south and north poles and can be taken as the horizontal component of magnetic force lines along the surface of the earth. Therefore, a compass needle will be parallel to the magnetic meridian.

Ferrite magnets are non-conductive aferromagnetic ceramic compounds derived from iron oxides such as Haematite (Fe203) or Magnetite (Fe304) and other metal oxides such as Barium and Strontium. Ferrite is a polycrystal, sintered material with high electrical resistivity. The high resistance of ferrite makes eddy current losses extremely low at high frequencies.

Sensitivity of a galvanometer increases when number of turns, area of coil and magnetic field increase