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(a)(i) Cell is the basic/smallest structural/building block; and functional unit; of life. (ii) Scientists that are associated with the discovery of the cell. ii Robert Hooke ii Matthias Schleiden iii Theodor Schwann iv Rudolf Virchow v Felix Dujardin (b) Diagram of a plant cell ii Red blood cell/erythrocyte art[.iii ]iIt has a short life span ii Unable to reproduce more oxygen iii Gives room for carriage of more oxygen [c] i Nucleus ii Chloroplas iii Vacuole iv Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum v Smooth Endopolasmic Reticulum vi Lysosome viii golgi body ix mithochondrion

element microelement macroelement hydrogen ► magnesium ► zinc ► phosphorus ► boron ► nitrogen ► carbon ► oxygen ► copper ►

herbivore carnivore presence of diastema absence of diastema absence of canine presence of canine absence of carnassial teeth presence of carnassial teeth ridged molar cusped molar

[c} Human and goat Human Goat absence of diastema presence of diastema presence of canine absence of canine presence of incisor absence of dental pad presence of eight premolar presence of twelve premolars equal number of incisors in upper and lower jaw presence of incisors in upper and lower jaw

1.(a) Classification of specimens A and C according to thier lifecycle A: Annual/perennial C: Annual b) Observable diferences between specimens A and C A weevil-damaged bean seed c/maize grain brown,red,black,white coloured white/yellow/cream/coloured one scar present two scars present hilium present hilium absent presence of hole on the seed absence of holes kidney shaped shield/oblong shaped testa present/pericarp absent pericarp/fruit wall present has bulging body presence of two flat sides presence of micropyle micropyle absent Ways by which the damage to specimen A could have been prevented Storage in air-tight containers/vacuum seal the bean seeds/add oxygen absorber i. Use of pesticides/fumiganting/secticide ii. Freezing iv. Irradiation/radiation of seeds v.Hygienic storage on sanitation d) Type of germination of specimens A and C when planted A: Epigeal C: Hypogeal [ei]Drawing/diagram of longitudinal section L.S.)of specimen C/maize grain

(a)(i) habitats of specimens of D and E D: Termatarium/anthill/old logs of trees/mounds dead tree stumps E: nest/hive (ii) observable structural differences between specimens D and E D/soldier termite E/honeybee presence of prominent/large/mandible presence of poorly developed/less prominent mandible stingvabsent sting present pollen comb wing present wing absent presence of pollen basket absence of prong presence of prong absence of proboscis presence of proboscis body not hairy[smooth] body is hairy absence of eye blind presence of [two/pair/of] compound eyes big in size /big head small in size /small head [iii] (iii) Behavioural adaptation common1o specimens D and E Social insects/nuptial flight/swarming (b) Economic importance of specimen E a. Production of honey b. Production of beeswax/wax c. Pollinating agent d. Employment e. Their stings lead to allergies/anaphylactic shock/difficulty in breathing/rashes/skin irritations f. Their stings could lead to death. {c} Table Types of teeth one function of teeth incisor cutting of vegetation/nibbling/gnawing/biting. premolar grinding/chewing molar grinding/chewing d[i] mode of feeding specimens G herbivorous ii ways by which specimen G adapts its organism to its mode of feeding a. sharp/chisel shaped/curved incisors for cutting vegetation/leaves /food/gnawing/bibbling/bitting b. broad/ridged surface of premolar ; for grinding /chewing Presence of diastema/space between incisor grinding/chewing and premolar, allows the rolling of food into bolus/its separates.freshly cut food/grass from the one being chewed. e.Mineral element needed for the proper functioning of specimen G i.Calcium ii. Phosphorus iii. Copper iv.Boron v. Zinc vi. Copper vii.Magnesium viii. Iron ix. Potassium

i Are the first set of teeth grown by the infants of a human. ii made up of inscisors,canines,and molars iii premolars are absent. iv the dental formulas is I2/2C1/1M2/2orI2/2C1/1P0/0M2/2 v they are also known as primary/temporal/decidious teeth/they are shed and replaced by permanent teeth.

a [i]Ecological niche where and organism lives and the role it plays in an ecosystem/community. [ii] Roles of a mango tree in its ecological niche i. absorbs water/mineral salts from the soil organism normally lives; and the ii.absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis ii.provides shelter for animals/other plants IV.acts as support for creepers V. produces fruits/food/serves as food Vi. serves as fuel source for animals vii. covers the ground with dead leaves that enrich the soil b[ i] Counting individuals could be impossible/difficult in fast moving animals ii. Counting individuals could be tedious ii. Counting individuals could be time consuming/use of technique saves time iv. The terrian/habitat could be difficult to reach [ii] i. Quadrat method ii Random sampling method ii.Sweep net method iv cluster sampling V. Pitfall trap method vi. Line transect method Vili.Light trap method ix. Stratified sampling X. Tullgren funnel method xi. Convenience sampling xii systematic sampling method [c]i .Arch/tented arch ii compound iii loops/double/central pocket/ulna radial loop iv.whorls/accident/plain whorl [d]i Pea plant/Garden pea plant/Pisum sativum. ii a it is self-pollinated/flowers are bisexual b has short life cycle c produces many offspring in one cross d presence of distinct physical characters that are easily recognisable. b.Has a short life cycle c.produces many offspring in one cross d.presence of distinct physical characters that are easily recognisable

(a) Conservation laws Are set down rules/legislations with sanctions/ punishments for offenders/perpetrators; which regulate/protect the usage of natural resources/endangered species . [ii] i. No unauthorised exploration of mineral/coal /gold/ petroleum/bauxite by individuals without permit ii. No killing of endangered species ii. No use of poisonous chemicals/Gammalin 20 for fishing iv. Observing closed season for hunting/fishing V. No trading of body parts of endangered species (b)i) a. For their unique body parts/tusks/skin/fin b. For sport/game C. For money/trade/business d. For food e For trado-medicinal purposes. i) a. Elephant b. Snake c. whale d. Crocodile e. Lion f. Zebra g. Deer h. tiger i.rhinoceros j.Shark k.ape/gorilla l. birds m. Pangolin/porcupine n. leopard o. hippopotamus (c) i. There will be shortage of trees ii. This will lead to shortage of timber over time for use in the furniture industry. ii.The natural habitat of organisms will be destroyed iv. Foreign exchange from timber export will reduce v. Some useful herbs/medicinal plants will be destroyed vi. Research sites will be destroyed vii. There will be succession viii.soils will be exposed to flooding/erosion ix. carbon [iv] oxide emission leading to global warming x. Desert encroachement/desertification d i Blood transfusion Is the process of administering blood from a healthy person/donor to an individual/patient recipient that requires/needs it. ii Antigen A substance/protein; found on the surface the red blood cells; that could stimulate/trigger the production of antibodies in the body/blood plasma.

[a][i] Earthworm cockroach Simple/sucking mouth parts elaborate/biting/chewing mouth parts Simple/sucking mouth parts alimentary canal divided into fore gut, mid gut and hind gut developed Absence of mesenteric presence of mesenteric caecum presence of mesentric caecum No malpighian tubules attached malphigian tubules attached to canals (i) Similarities Both a. Mouth c. Gizzard e. Oesophagus (b) Name of biological cycle Water (ii) a. Plants and animals produce water as a product of respiration. b. Plants give-off water through transpiration c. Animals give off water perspiration/sweating/ urinating/excretion d. Plants absorb water/animals drink water body metabolism. (iii) x - Condensation y - Evaporation z - Evaporation organs associated with ecretion in human Three diseases that affect the organ kidneys nephritis,kidney,stones,diuresis,kidney cancer,polycystic kidney disease,diabetes,[inspidius] liver cirrhosis,hepatitis,jaundice,dropsy,gall stones,diabetes,(mellitus),cancer skin scabies,ringworm,acne,eczema,boil,leprosy,cancer,dermatitis,cancer. lungs bronchitis,cancer,asthma,tuberculosis,pulmonary fibrosis. d[i] Decay Is the breakdown of complex organic matter, into small compounds, so that their nutrient can be absorbed. (ii) Saprophytes/fungi, bacteria, detritivores/decomposers (i) a. Temperature/Heat warmth b.Osmotic pressure c.Amount of water d.Amount of oxygen iv) Carbon; Nitrogen (e) a. They obtain nutrients from trapped insects and other small animals b. The trapped insects are digested c. And the amino acids are absorbed d. Carnivorous plants grow on soils that are poor in nitrogen e. Animal proteins supplement the nitrogenous compounds.

[a] obseervable structural differences between [i] specimens H and L H/head of domestic fowl L/head of duck presence of comb comb absent pointed/cylindrical/beak flat/broad beak short/stout beak long beak wattle present wattle absent beak not serrated serrated beak [ii] specimens K and M K/Leg of domestic M/Leg of duck unwebbed toes webbed toes/digits curved/pointed claw less curved/shorter/less pointed/curved claw prominent backward digit reduced backward digit hind digit long hind digit short [b][i] ways by which specimens H and M adapt the organisms to thier life H a.Eye at the side of head to focus on food on the ground / wide vision b. short/stout beak; for picking grains/seeds from the soil/preening/courtship M a.webbed digits; for paddling / swimming b. long digits; to balance while walking on land/muddy water to get food c. claws; for defense/ scratching land to search for food d. scales; to minimize dessication / protection [ii] Type of food of the organism that possesses specimen H a. grains/seeds b. worms c.vegetables d. insects [c] drawing of specimen M/leg of duck below; [d] Habitat of the organism that posseses specimen K Hencoop/terrestrial/land/on a tree/poultry/farmhomes/cage/farmyard [e] feeding habit of specimens H and L H: ominivore/ominivorous animal L: filter feeding [f] observable similarities between specimens [i] H and L Both have; a. Beaks b.Ear opening c.Eyes d. feathers e.Nostrils f.Neck i K and M both have a. digits /four digits/three pointing foward and one point pointing backward b. scales c.claws

No expanded working has been attached for this question yet. The verified answer is Option D.

Using elimination method: 4x+2y=16 * 6 --> 24x +12y=96 ... eqn iii 6x-2y=4 * 4 --> 24x - 8y = 16 ... eqn iv Subtract eqn iv from iii 20y = 80 y = 4 Subst. y for 4 in 4x + 2y = 16 --> 4x + 2(4) = 16 --> 4x = 16 - 8 --> 4x = 8 --> x = 2 : The value of (y-x) is 4 - 2 = 2

A for Adults C for children a + c = 500 c = 500 - a 4.5a + 3c = 1987.50 where c = 500 - a 4.5a + 3(500 - a) = 1987.50 4.5a - 3a = 1987.50 - 1500 1.5a = 487.5 a = 487.5 / 1.5 a = 325 tickets c = 500 - a c = 500 - 325 c = 175 tickets Check: from 4.5a + 3c 4.5 (325) = 1,462.5 + 3(175) = 525

A man will be (x+10) years old in 8years time. As at today, he is x + 2 years of age. The man was 63 years old 2 years ago, so he is 63+2=65 now. 8 years from now, he will be 65+8=73. He will be (x+10) years old when he is 73. So x+10=73 x=73-10=63