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cold-blooded ness; The teeth of reptiles are also less specialized in function than are mammalian teeth. a dry skin with scales but not feathers (a characteristic of birds) or hair (a characteristic of mammals); NB: Birds do not have teeth, although they may have ridges on their bills that help them grip food. Birds swallow their food whole, and their gizzard (a muscular part of their stomach) grinds up the food so they can digest it.

- The most familiar invertebrates include the Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Arthropoda. - Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord.

Exosmosis is the movement of water outside the cells when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The cell becomes flaccid by the movement of water outside.

Air Pollutants Carbon Monoxide. Lead. Nitrogen Oxides. Ozone. Particulate Matter. Sulfur Dioxide. Other Air Pollutants. The primary pollutants of concern in land and soil are heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and others, pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants, and pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics used for livestock management. Nitrogen (N), nonmetallic element of Group 15 [Va] of the periodic table. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter.

Percentage of water content (retained) = \(\frac{Water absorbed}{Weight of soil} * 100\) → \(\frac{50 - 35}{50} * 100\) = 30%

The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

When the queen dies, production of the blocking pheromone stops, and secondary reproductives may be produced. In the Reticulitermes species, the queen and king may be replaced by numerous secondary reproductives, and the colony may become very large with the added productivity of many queens.

Always use a completely opaque water storage tank - Algae uses photosynthesis to reproduce

Together with the spleen, the liver breaks down worn out red blood cells (erythrocytes)

The villi of the small intestine project into the intestinal cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

In lab, we used Benedict's reagent to test for one particular reducing sugar: glucose. Benedict's reagent starts out aqua-blue. As it is heated in the presence of reducing sugars, it turns yellow to orange.

The portal vein or hepatic portal vein (HPV) is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. This blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents.

In mammals(humans), the process of olfaction begins when volatile molecules enter the nasal cavity and activate receptors in the olfactory epithelium (OE). The olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are located in hair-like projections of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs).

Low mortality rate, high birth rate, high immigration rate and low emigration rate are causes for rapid over-crowding.

No of Imperata spp = 23 Total plant species = 50 Percentage of imperata spp = \(\frac{23}{50} * 100℅\) = 46℅