Net force in the horizontal (x) direction: \(F_x = 8 \, \text{N} - 4 \, \text{N} = 4 \, \text{N} \quad \text{(to the right)}\) Net force in the vertical (y) direction: \(F_y = 15 \, \text{N} - 12 \, \text{N} = 3 \, \text{N} \quad \text{(3 N upward)}\) Magnitude of the resultant force: \(R = \sqrt{F_x^2 + F_y^2} = \sqrt{(4)^2 + (3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5 \, \text{N}\)